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The foramen lacerum (Latin: lacerated piercing) is a triangular hole in the base of skull. It is located between 3 bones: sphenoid bone (forming the anterior border) [1]: 776 apex of petrous part of temporal bone (forming the posterolateral border) [1]: 776 [2] basilar part of occipital bone (forming the posteromedial border) [1]: 776
Foramen ovale (heart), an opening between the venous and arterial sides of the fetal heart; Foramen transversarium, one of a pair of openings in each cervical vertebra, in which the vertebral artery travels; Greater sciatic foramen, a major foramen of the pelvis; Interventricular foramen, channels connecting ventricles in the brain
Medial to the foramen ovale is the foramen lacerum; in the fresh state the lower part of this aperture is filled up by a layer of fibrocartilage, while its upper and inner parts transmit the internal carotid artery surrounded by a plexus of sympathetic nerves.
The pterygoid canal (also vidian canal) is a passage in the sphenoid bone of the skull leading from just anterior to the foramen lacerum in the middle cranial fossa to the pterygopalatine fossa.
Inferiorly: foramen lacerum, and the junction of the body and greater wing of sphenoid bone. Medially: pituitary gland (hypophysis cerebri), and sphenoidal air sinus. [3] Laterally: temporal lobe with uncus. Anteriorly: superior orbital fissure, and the apex of the orbit. Posteriorly: apex of petrous temporal bone.
The sphenoid bone [note 1] is an unpaired bone of the neurocranium. It is situated in the middle of the skull towards the front, in front of the basilar part of the occipital bone. The sphenoid bone is one of the seven bones that articulate to form the orbit. Its shape somewhat resembles that of a butterfly, bat or wasp with its wings extended.
The foramen spinosum was first described by the Danish anatomist Jakob Benignus Winslow in the 18th century. It is so-named because of its relationship to the spinous process of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone. However, due to incorrectly declining the noun, the literal meaning is "hole full of thorns" (Latin: foramen spinosum).
The greater wings of the sphenoid are two strong processes of bone, which arise from the sides of the body, and are curved upward, laterally, and backward; the posterior part of each projects as a triangular process that fits into the angle between the squamous and the petrous part of the temporal bone and presents at its apex a downward-directed process, the spine of sphenoid bone.