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Q max is used as an indicator for the diagnosis of enlarged prostate. A lower Q max may indicate that the enlarged prostate puts pressure on the urethra, partially occluding it. Uroflowmetry is performed by urinating into a special urinal, toilet, or disposable device that has a measuring device built in. [1] The average rate changes with age. [1]
In a 2015 articles in the Journal of Urology, Thompson reported multi-parametric MRI detection of significant prostate cancer had sensitivity of 96%, specificity of 36%, negative predictive value and positive predictive values of 92% and 52%; when PI-RADS was incorporated into a multivariate analysis (PSA, digital rectal exam, prostate volume ...
If the cancer has spread beyond the prostate, treatment options change significantly, so most doctors who treat prostate cancer use a variety of nomograms to predict the probability of spread. Treatment by watchful waiting/active surveillance, HIFU, external-beam radiation therapy, brachytherapy, cryosurgery, and surgery are, in general ...
The Gleason grading system is used to help evaluate the prognosis of men with prostate cancer using samples from a prostate biopsy. Together with other parameters, it is incorporated into a strategy of prostate cancer staging which predicts prognosis and helps guide therapy. A Gleason score is given to prostate cancer based upon its microscopic ...
Prostate cancer staging is the process by which physicians categorize the risk of cancer having spread beyond the prostate, or equivalently, the probability of being cured with local therapies such as surgery or radiation. Once patients are placed in prognostic categories, this information can contribute to the selection of an optimal approach ...
MDCalc was founded by two emergency physicians, Graham Walker, MD, and Joseph Habboushe, MD, MBA, [5] and provides over 500 medical calculators and other clinical decision-support tools. [6] The MDCalc.com website was launched in 2005. [5] In 2016, MDCalc launched an iOS app, [7] followed by an Android app in 2017. [8]
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The Prostate Cancer Intervention versus Observation Trial (PIVOT) randomized 731 men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer to radical prostatectomy or observation (mean age 67 years; median PSA 7.8 ng/ml). [10] In the observation group, bone metastases and prostate cancer death occurred in 10.6% and 8.4%, respectively through 12 years. [10]