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  2. Immunoglobulin M - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_M

    IgM is the first immunoglobulin expressed in the human fetus (around 20 weeks) [46] and phylogenetically the earliest antibody to develop. [47] IgM antibodies appear early in the course of an infection and usually reappear, to a lesser extent, after further exposure. IgM antibodies do not pass across the human placenta (only isotype IgG). [48]

  3. Herpes simplex virus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herpes_simplex_virus

    Herpes simplex virus 1 (cold sores) and 2 (genital herpes) (HSV-1 and HSV-2), also known by their taxonomic names Human alphaherpesvirus 1 and Human alphaherpesvirus 2, are two members of the human Herpesviridae family, a set of viruses that produce viral infections in the majority of humans. [1] [2] Both HSV-1 and HSV-2 are very common and ...

  4. Herpes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herpes

    There are two types of herpes simplex virus, type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2). [1] HSV-1 more commonly causes infections around the mouth while HSV-2 more commonly causes genital infections. [2] They are transmitted by direct contact with body fluids or lesions of an infected individual. [1] Transmission may still occur when symptoms are not ...

  5. Human betaherpesvirus 5 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_betaherpesvirus_5

    Active CMV infection is considered to be present if antibody tests of paired serum samples show a fourfold rise in IgG antibody and a significant level of IgM antibody (equal to at least 30% of the IgG value), or if virus is cultured from a urine or throat specimen. [citation needed]

  6. Blood compatibility testing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_compatibility_testing

    Blood compatibility testing is routinely performed before a blood transfusion.The full compatibility testing process involves ABO and RhD (Rh factor) typing; screening for antibodies against other blood group systems; and crossmatching, which involves testing the recipient's blood plasma against the donor's red blood cells as a final check for incompatibility.

  7. Isotype (immunology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotype_(immunology)

    IgA antibodies are divided into two subclasses that differ in the size of their hinge region. [15] IgA1 has a longer hinge region which increases its sensitivity to bacterial proteases. [ 16 ] Therefore, this subclass dominates the serum IgA, while IgA2 is predominantly found in mucosal secretions.

  8. Seroconversion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seroconversion

    Anti-core antibodies (anti-HBc) are the first antibodies produced by the body, first in short-term IgM (anti-HBc IgM), and subsequently in long-term IgG; while levels of IgM anti-HBc will peak around sixteen weeks after exposure and fall within about seven to eight months, [63] [64] IgG anti-HBc will remain detectable in the serum as a sign of ...

  9. Oligoclonal band - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligoclonal_band

    The target antigens for these antibodies are not easy to find because it requires to isolate a single kind of protein in each band, though new techniques are able to do so. [9] In 40% of MS patients with OCBs, antibodies specific to the viruses HHV-6 and EBV have been found. [10] HHV-6 specific OCBs have also been found in other demyelinating ...

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