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The Paleo-Indians, also known as the Lithic peoples, are the earliest known settlers of the Americas; the period's name, the Lithic stage, derives from the appearance of lithic flaked stone tools. Paleo-Indians were the first peoples who entered and subsequently inhabited the Americas towards the end of the Late Pleistocene period.
In North America, the time encompasses the Paleo-Indian period, which subsequently is divided into more specific time terms, such as Early Lithic stage or Early Paleo-Indians, and Middle Paleo-Indians or Middle Lithic stage. [6] Examples include the Clovis culture and Folsom tradition groups. The Lithic stage was followed by the Archaic stage.
Middle Archaic people in southern New England relied on Braintree argillite for tools, mining in the Blue Hills. Lithic fragments also include Lynn Volcanics in the Boston Basin, chert quarried in eastern New York and felsite from Maine and New Hampshire. Pecking and grinding tools were mostly made out of granite. [8]
Examples of Clovis and other Paleoindian point forms, markers of archaeological cultures in North America. The Solutrean hypothesis on the peopling of the Americas is the claim that the earliest human migration to the Americas began from Europe during the Solutrean Period, with Europeans traveling along pack ice in the Atlantic Ocean.
The California gold rush was the start of genocide of Native Americans on the west coast. Miners, loggers and settlers formed vigilant groups to hunt Indians who were living outside the mission communities. [30] In the year 1845, the population of Native Americans was estimated to be around 150,000 which decreased significantly to 30,000 by ...
New England rapidly became swept up in a series of wars between the French and British and their respective Indian allies. Many of the Native Americans of New England who had left the region joined the Abenaki, who were allied
In 1614 English explorer John Smith explored the coast of New England, and included "Naemkeck" among the "countries" of the New England coast in an alliance with countries to the north under the bashabes (chief of chiefs) of the Penobscot, with a separate culture and government from the Massachusett to the south of the Charles River. [7]
Map of early human migrations based on the Out of Africa theory; figures are in thousands of years ago (kya). [1]The peopling of the Americas began when Paleolithic hunter-gatherers (Paleo-Indians) entered North America from the North Asian Mammoth steppe via the Beringia land bridge, which had formed between northeastern Siberia and western Alaska due to the lowering of sea level during the ...