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[1] [2] [3] It is a divide-and-conquer algorithm that reduces the multiplication of two n-digit numbers to three multiplications of n/2-digit numbers and, by repeating this reduction, to at most single-digit multiplications.
To multiply two numbers with n digits using this method, one needs about n 2 operations. More formally, multiplying two n-digit numbers using long multiplication requires Θ(n 2) single-digit operations (additions and multiplications).
Trachtenberg defined this algorithm with a kind of pairwise multiplication where two digits are multiplied by one digit, essentially only keeping the middle digit of the result. By performing the above algorithm with this pairwise multiplication, even fewer temporary results need to be held. Example:
If the sum contains more than one digit, the value of the tens place is carried into the next diagonal (see Step 2). Step 2. Numbers are filled to the left and to the bottom of the grid, and the answer is the numbers read off down (on the left) and across (on the bottom). In the example shown, the result of the multiplication of 58 with 213 is ...
The classical method of multiplying two n-digit numbers requires n 2 digit multiplications. Multiplication algorithms have been designed that reduce the computation time considerably when multiplying large numbers.
Two -digit numbers One +-digit ... -digit number Schoolbook long multiplication ... ignoring the number of bits in a number. In practice this means that we assume ...
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