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Cloning of the cyc gene revealed that it encodes a novel basic helix–loop–helix – PAS domain (bHLH-PAS) protein related to mammalian basic helix-loop-helix ARNT-like protein 1 (BMAL1), and that it likely binds to Clock to activate transcription of circadian rhythm genes. [4] Cycle gene expression has been discovered in a variety of cell ...
A genetically modified mouse, genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) [1] or transgenic mouse is a mouse (Mus musculus) that has had its genome altered through the use of genetic engineering techniques. Genetically modified mice are commonly used for research or as animal models of human diseases and are also used for research on genes.
M-phase inducer phosphatase 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CDC25C gene. [5] This gene is highly conserved during evolution and it plays a key role in the regulation of cell division. The encoded protein is a tyrosine phosphatase and belongs to the Cdc25 phosphatase family.
Due to its involvement in degradation of various cell cycle regulators, as well as several compounds of signaling pathways (e.g. Notch), Cdc4 is a highly sensible component of every organism in which it functions. The cdc4 gene is a haplo-insufficient tumor suppressor gene. Knock-out of this gene in mice leads to an embryonic lethal phenotype ...
p16 (also known as p16 INK4a, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, CDKN2A, multiple tumor suppressor 1 and numerous other synonyms), is a protein that slows cell division by slowing the progression of the cell cycle from the G1 phase to the S phase, thereby acting as a tumor suppressor. It is encoded by the CDKN2A gene.
The human BMAL1 gene has a predicted 24 exons, located on the p15 band of the 11th chromosome. [4] The BMAL1 protein is 626 amino acids long and plays a key role as one of the positive elements in the mammalian auto-regulatory transcription-translation negative feedback loop (TTFL), which is responsible for generating molecular circadian rhythms.
The cell division cycle protein 20 homolog is an essential regulator of cell division that is encoded by the CDC20 gene [5] [6] in humans. To the best of current knowledge its most important function is to activate the anaphase promoting complex (APC/C), a large 11-13 subunit complex that initiates chromatid separation and entrance into anaphase .
In eukaryotes, the cell cycle consists of four main stages: G 1, during which a cell is metabolically active and continuously grows; S phase, during which DNA replication takes place; G 2, during which cell growth continues and the cell synthesizes various proteins in preparation for division; and the M phase, during which the duplicated ...