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Old Shawneetown is a village in Gallatin County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2020 census, the village had a population of 113, [3] down from 193 at the 2010 census. [4] Located along the Ohio River, Shawneetown served as an important United States government administrative center for the Northwest Territory.
1805 Cary map of the Great Lakes and Western Territory (Kentucy, Virginia, Ohio, etc.) Integration of the Northwest Territory into a political unit, and settlement, depended on three factors: relinquishment by the British, extinguishment of states' claims west of the Appalachians, and usurpation or purchase of lands from the Native Americans.
It is inscribed "1,112 feet south of this spot was the point of beginning for surveying the Public Lands of the United States." [3] The Public Land Survey System of the United States was established by Congressional legislation in 1785, in order to provide an orderly mechanism for opening the Northwest Territory for settlement.
Map of territorial growth, 1775 Northwest territory Monument referencing the beginning point of the PLSS. Originally proposed by Thomas Jefferson to create a nation of "yeoman farmers", [1] the PLSS began shortly after the American Revolutionary War, when the federal government became responsible for large areas of land west of the original thirteen states.
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The Northwest Ordinance (formally An Ordinance for the Government of the Territory of the United States, North-West of the River Ohio and also known as the Ordinance of 1787), enacted July 13, 1787, was an organic act of the Congress of the Confederation of the United States. It created the Northwest Territory, the new nation's first organized ...
It was created in 1812 to take over functions previously conducted by the United States Department of the Treasury. Starting with the enactment of the Land Ordinance of 1785, which created the Public Land Survey System, the Treasury Department had already overseen the survey of the Northwest Territory, including what is now the state of Ohio. [1]
Northwest Territory of the United States, 1787 This 1856 map shows slave states (gray), free states (pink), U.S. territories (green), and Kansas in center (white).. In United States law, an organic act is an act of the United States Congress that establishes a territory of the United States and specifies how it is to be governed, [1] or an agency to manage certain federal lands.