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  2. Disfranchisement after the Reconstruction era - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disfranchisement_after_the...

    States also used grandfather clauses to enable illiterate whites who could not pass a literacy test to vote. It allowed a man to vote if his grandfather or father had voted before January 1, 1867; at that time, most African Americans had been slaves, while free people of color, even if property owners, and freedmen were ineligible to vote until ...

  3. African American founding fathers of the United States

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_American_founding...

    According to Professors Jeffrey K. Tulis and Nicole Mellow: [11]. The Founding, Reconstruction (often called “the second founding”), and the New Deal are typically heralded as the most significant turning points in the country’s history, with many observers seeing each of these as political triumphs through which the United States has come to more closely realize its liberal ideals of ...

  4. Free people of color - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_people_of_color

    Free Women of Color with their Children and Servants, oil painting by Agostino Brunias, Dominica, c. 1764–1796.. In the context of the history of slavery in the Americas, free people of color (French: gens de couleur libres; Spanish: gente de color libre) were primarily people of mixed African, European, and Native American descent who were not enslaved.

  5. Richard Allen (bishop) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Allen_(bishop)

    Richard Allen (February 14, 1760 – March 26, 1831) [1] was a minister, educator, writer, and one of the United States' most active and influential black leaders.In 1794, he founded the African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME), the first independent Black denomination in the United States.

  6. Frederick Douglass - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Douglass

    He became the most important leader of the movement for African-American civil rights in the 19th century. After escaping from slavery in Maryland in 1838, Douglass became a national leader of the abolitionist movement in Massachusetts and New York and gained fame for his oratory [ 4 ] and incisive antislavery writings.

  7. African-American history - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African-American_history

    In Virginia, the number of free Black people increased from 10,000 in 1790 to nearly 30,000 in 1810, but 95% of Black people were still enslaved. In Delaware, three-quarters of all Black people were free by 1810. [61] By 1860, just over 91% of Delaware's Black people were free, and 49.1% of those in Maryland. [62]

  8. American Colonization Society - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Colonization_Society

    Robert Finley founded the American Colonization Society.. The American Colonization Society (ACS), initially the Society for the Colonization of Free People of Color of America, was an American organization founded in 1816 by Robert Finley to encourage and support the repatriation of freeborn people of color and emancipated slaves to the continent of Africa.

  9. Healy family - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healy_family

    The Healy family was an Irish-American and African-American family notable for the high achievements of its first generation of children, who were born into slavery in Georgia in the second half of the nineteenth century. Among them were James, US first known Black Catholic priest (and bishop); Patrick, the first Black Jesuit, PhD, and ...

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