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The Maisonneuve fracture is a spiral fracture of the proximal third of the fibula associated with a tear of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis and the interosseous membrane. There is an associated fracture of the medial malleolus or rupture of the deep deltoid ligament of the ankle. This type of injury can be difficult to detect. [1] [2]
The entrapment of an intact fibula behind the tibia was described by Ashhurst and Bromer in 1922, who attributed the description of the mechanism of injury to Huguier's 1848 publication. [3] The injury involving fibular fracture with posterior dislocation was described by David M. Bosworth in 1947.
Le Fort's fracture of the ankle is a vertical fracture of the antero-medial part of the distal fibula with avulsion of the anterior tibiofibular ligament, [1] opposite to a Tillaux-Chaput avulsion fracture. The injury was described by Léon Clément Le Fort in 1886. [2]
A tib-fib fracture is a fracture of both the tibia and fibula of the same leg in the same incident. In 78% of cases, a fracture of the fibula is associated with a tibial fracture. [6] Since the fibula is smaller and weaker than the tibia, a force strong enough to fracture the tibia often fractures the fibula as well. Types include:
Galeazzi fracture: Ricardo Galeazzi: radius shaft fracture with dislocation of distal radioulnar joint: blow to forearm: Galeazzi fracture at eMedicine: Gosselin fracture: Leon Athanese Gosselin: V-shaped distal tibia fracture extending into the tibial plafond: Gosselin's fracture at TheFreeDictionary.com: Hangman's fracture: Hangman: fracture ...
The term "bumper fracture" was coined in 1929 by Cotton and Berg. [6] Fracture of the neck of the fibula may also be found, and associated injury to the medial collateral ligament or cruciate ligaments occurs in about 10% of cases. [7] [8] However, most of these fractures occur from motor vehicle accidents or falls.
In terms of fracture type, isolated malleolar fractures are most common (two-thirds of fractures); bimalleolar fractures occur in roughly 25% of patients while trimalleolar fractures occur in 5-10%. [10] Open fractures are rare, compromising 2% of all ankle fractures. [21] In children, ankle fractures occur in about 1 per 1000 per year. [3]
Transverse comminuted fracture of the fibula above the level of the syndesmosis; Pronation-External rotation: Medial malleolus transverse fracture or disruption of deltoid ligament; Anterior tibiofibular ligament disruption; Lateral short oblique or spiral fracture of fibula (anterosuperior to posteroinferior) above the level of the joint