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The cause of primary spontaneous pneumothorax is unknown, but established risk factors include being of the male sex, smoking, and a family history of pneumothorax. [18] Smoking either cannabis or tobacco increases the risk. [3] The various suspected underlying mechanisms are discussed below. [12] [13]
Left-sided tension pneumothorax. Note the area without lung markings which is air in the pleural space. Also note the tracheal and mediastinal shift from the patient's left to right. Causes include any obstruction of blood flow to and from the heart. There are multiple, including pulmonary embolism, cardiac tamponade, and tension pneumothorax.
A tension pneumothorax is a particularly severe form of this condition where the air in the pleural cavity ... Risk factors include a diabetic mother, fetal ...
Tension pneumothorax is the build-up of air into one of the pleural cavities, which causes a mediastinal shift. When this happens, the great vessels (particularly the superior vena cava ) become kinked, which limits blood return to the heart .
Image shows early occurrence of tracheal deviation. Tracheal deviation is a clinical sign that results from unequal intrathoracic pressure within the chest cavity.It is most commonly associated with traumatic pneumothorax, but can be caused by a number of both acute and chronic health issues, such as pneumonectomy, atelectasis, pleural effusion, fibrothorax (pleural fibrosis), or some cancers ...
The most common risk factors include age and cardiovascular disease. [15] Additional underlying cardiac conditions include heart failure and inherited arrhythmias . Additional factors that may contribute to cardiac arrest include major blood loss , lack of oxygen , electrolyte disturbance (such as very low potassium ), electrical injury , and ...
Pneumothorax: a collection of air within the pleural cavity, arising either from the outside or from the lung. Pneumothoraces may be traumatic, iatrogenic , or spontaneous. A tension pneumothorax is a particular type of pneumothorax where the air may enter (though a defect of the chest wall, lung, or airways) on inspiration, but cannot exit on ...
During HBOT, any undiagnosed, small, pneumothorax carries a risk of developing into a tension pneumothorax as the external pressure is reduced at the end of treatment, with potentially fatal consequences unless the condition is recognised.