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Lord Edward's Crusade, [2] sometimes called the Ninth Crusade, was a military expedition to the Holy Land under the command of Edward, Duke of Gascony (later king as Edward I) in 1271–1272. In practice an extension of the Eighth Crusade , it was the last of the Crusades to reach the Holy Land before the fall of Acre in 1291 brought an end to ...
The crusade was born out of the same planning that led to the Alexandrian Crusade and was the brainchild of Urban V. [198] It was directed against the growing Ottoman Empire in eastern Europe and he attacked Murad I with 15 ships and 1,700 men in 1366 in order to aid his cousin, John V Palaiologos.
The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Christian Latin Church in the medieval period.The best known of these military expeditions are those to the Holy Land between 1095 and 1291 that had the objective of reconquering Jerusalem and its surrounding area from Muslim rule after the region had been conquered by the Rashidun Caliphate ...
Own work based on: Ninth Crusade-fr.svg. References: Prestwich, Michael (1997) Edward I, Yale University Press, pp. 75–77 ISBN: 9780300146653. OCLC: 890476967. Runciman (1994) A history of the crusades: The Kingdom of Acre and the later crusades, 3, The Folio Society, pp. 278−279, 280–281 OCLC: 1344506479.
Crusades include the traditional numbered crusades and other conflicts that prominent historians have identified as crusades. The scope of the term "crusade" first referred to military expeditions undertaken by European Christians in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries to the Holy Land.
European states launched a number of minor Crusading expeditions to reinforce the Crusader states, including the abortive Crusade of Louis IX of France to Tunis in 1270, and the minor Ninth Crusade of Prince Edward (later King Edward I) of England in 1271–1272. The expeditions failed to provide the required relief; they were too small, too ...
Chronology and Maps, covering 1095–1789, in The Oxford History of the Crusades, edited by Jonathan Riley-Smith. [ 4 ] A Chronological Outline of the Crusades: Background, Military Expeditions, and Crusader States, covering 160–1798, in The Routledge Companion to the Crusades, by Peter Lock.
No doubt was evident that Europe needed a crusade to resist the Ottoman threat, but self interest became an unavoidable barrier to this. In this situation it is difficult to find evidence of popular sentiment, particularly as actual crusading had long become divorced from most commoners' lives.