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The modality effect is a term used in experimental psychology, most often in the fields dealing with memory and learning, to refer to how learner performance depends on the presentation mode of studied items.
In the 1990s, cognitive load theory was applied in several contexts. The empirical results from these studies led to the demonstration of several learning effects: the completion-problem effect; [11] modality effect; [12] [13] split-attention effect; [14] worked-example effect; [15] [16] and expertise reversal effect. [17]
The worked-example effect is a learning effect predicted by cognitive load theory. [1] [full citation needed] Specifically, it refers to improved learning observed when worked examples are used as part of instruction, compared to other instructional techniques such as problem-solving [2] [page needed] and discovery learning.
Crossmodal perception or cross-modal perception is perception that involves interactions between two or more different sensory modalities. [1] Examples include synesthesia, sensory substitution and the McGurk effect, in which vision and hearing interact in speech perception.
Cross-modal attention is considered to be the overlap between modalities that can both enhance and limit attentional processing. The most common example given of crossmodal attention is the Cocktail Party Effect, which is when a person is able to focus and attend to one important stimulus instead of other less important stimuli. This phenomenon ...
Another scholar who believes that learning styles should have an effect on the classroom is Marilee Sprenger in Differentiation through Learning Styles and Memory. [44] She bases her work on three premises: Teachers can be learners, and learners teachers. We are all both. Everyone can learn under the right circumstances. Learning is fun!
Kinesthetic learning (American English), kinaesthetic learning (British English), or tactile learning is learning that involves physical activity. As cited by Favre (2009), Dunn and Dunn define kinesthetic learners as students who prefer whole-body movement to process new and difficult information. [ 1 ]
Modality effect: That memory recall is higher for the last items of a list when the list items were received via speech than when they were received through writing. Mood-congruent memory bias (state-dependent memory) The improved recall of information congruent with one's current mood. Negativity bias or Negativity effect