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Hyperammonemia, or high ammonia levels, is a metabolic disturbance characterised by an excess of ammonia in the blood. Severe hyperammonemia is a dangerous condition that may lead to brain injury and death. It may be primary or secondary. Ammonia is a substance that contains nitrogen. It is a product of the catabolism of protein.
The size of the brain is a frequent topic of study within the fields of anatomy, biological anthropology, animal science and evolution.Measuring brain size and cranial capacity is relevant both to humans and other animals, and can be done by weight or volume via MRI scans, by skull volume, or by neuroimaging intelligence testing.
Children raised in areas of higher pollution were found to score lower in intelligence (i.e., on IQ tests), and showed signs of lesions in MRI scanning of the brain. In contrast, children from the low pollution area scored as expected on IQ tests and showed no significant sign of the risk of brain lesions.
Ammonia in salt water ecosystems will have similar effects on fish as ammonia in freshwater ecosystems. Another aquatic animal that is affected by increasing amounts of ammonia is coral. Coral are very important for diversity in oceans and increasing concentrations of ammonia in the water is harming the bacteria that are found on the coral. [27]
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Mass effect such as brain tumor, infarction with edema, contusions, subdural or epidural hematoma, or abscesses all tend to deform the adjacent brain. [citation needed] Generalized brain swelling can occur in ischemic-anoxia states, acute liver failure, [9] hypertensive encephalopathy, hypercarbia (hypercapnia), and Reye hepatocerebral syndrome ...
Ammonium binds strongly to GS only if the acyl-phosphate intermediate is present. Ammonium, rather than ammonia, binds to GS because the binding site is polar and exposed to solvent. [7] In the second step, deprotonation of ammonium allows ammonia to attack the intermediate from its nearby site to form glutamine. [12]
[5] [7] This effect of environmental richness upon the brain occurs whether it is experienced immediately following birth, [8] after weaning, [5] [7] [9] or during maturity. [10] When synapse numbers increase in adults, they can remain high in number even when the adults are returned to impoverished environment for 30 days [ 10 ] suggesting ...