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  2. Parasocial contact hypothesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasocial_contact_hypothesis

    As Allport put it, “a differentiated category is the opposite of a stereotype.” [3] Thus, the more a person learns about a minority category of people, the more differentiated that category is and the more resistant it is to being reduced to a negative stereotype. The Contact Hypothesis has been supported by decades of research.

  3. Antipositivism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipositivism

    Through the work of Simmel in particular, sociology acquired a possible character beyond positivist data-collection or grand, deterministic systems of structural law. . Relatively isolated from the sociological academy throughout his lifetime, Simmel presented idiosyncratic analyses of modernity more reminiscent of the phenomenological and existential writers than of Comte or Durkheim, paying ...

  4. Antireductionism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antireductionism

    The opposite of reductionism is holism, a word coined by Jan Smuts in Holism and Evolution, that understanding a system can be done only as a whole.One form of antireductionism (epistemological) holds that we simply are not capable of understanding systems at the level of their most basic constituents, and so the program of reductionism must fail.

  5. Autoethnography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoethnography

    This is much the opposite of theory-driven, hypothesis-testing research methods that are based on the positivist epistemology. In this sense, Ellingson and Ellis see autoethnography as a social constructionist project that rejects the deep-rooted binary oppositions between the researcher and the researched, objectivity and subjectivity, process ...

  6. Wikipedia:No original research - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research

    [f] For example, a review article that analyzes research papers in a field is a secondary source for the research. [ g ] Whether a source is primary or secondary depends on context. A book by a military historian about the Second World War might be a secondary source about the war, but where it includes details of the author's own war ...

  7. Grounded theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grounded_theory

    Grounded theory combines traditions in positivist philosophy, general sociology, and, particularly, the symbolic interactionist branch of sociology.According to Ralph, Birks and Chapman, [9] grounded theory is "methodologically dynamic" [7] in the sense that, rather than being a complete methodology, grounded theory provides a means of constructing methods to better understand situations ...

  8. Armchair theorizing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armchair_theorizing

    Armchair theorizing, also known as armchair philosophizing or armchair scholarship, is an approach to providing new developments in a field that does not involve primary research or data collection – but instead analysis or synthesis of existent scholarship. The term is typically pejorative, implying such scholarship is weak or frivolous.

  9. Immanent critique - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanent_critique

    Immanent critique is a method of analyzing culture that identifies contradictions in society's rules and systems. Most importantly, it juxtaposes the ideals articulated by society against the inadequate realization of those ideals in society's institutions.