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The only Hebrew word traditionally translated "soul" (nephesh) in English language Bibles refers to a living, breathing conscious body, rather than to an immortal soul. [b] In the New Testament, the Greek word traditionally translated "soul" (ψυχή) has substantially the same meaning as the Hebrew, without reference to an immortal soul.
Many people believe that a soul (an immortal soul), as an immaterial aspect of a living being, can survive physical death. In the Judeo-Christian tradition the concept of a soul generally applies only to humans, although other worldviews, such as animism, may assign souls to other living [4] and non-living entities. [5] [6]
Olumba claimed to be the Abrahamic God [12] in human form. Members of his religion claim he is immortal. [13] Khidr. In Islamic mythology "Al-Khidr" or "The Green" is a guide and servant for other prophets. He is considered an immortal human who, depending on the versions, is normally a human servant or prophet of God.
The concept of an immaterial soul separate from and surviving the body is common today but according to modern scholars, it was not found in ancient Hebrew beliefs. [1] The word nephesh never means an immortal soul [27] or an incorporeal part of the human being [28] that can survive death of the body as the spirit of the dead. [29]
A "thetan is an immortal spiritual being; the human soul." [3] "The being who is the individual and who handles and lives in the body." [1] "A thetan is not a thing, a thetan is the creator of things." [1]
Plato's theory of the soul, which was inspired variously by the teachings of Socrates, considered the psyche (Ancient Greek: ψῡχή, romanized: psūkhḗ) to be the essence of a person, being that which decides how people behave. Plato considered this essence to be an incorporeal, eternal occupant of a person's being.
The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Modern Christian Thought (1995) says, "There is no concept of an immortal soul in the Old Testament, nor does the New Testament ever call the human soul immortal." [ 221 ] Harper's Bible Dictionary (1st ed. 1985) says that "For a Hebrew, 'soul' indicated the unity of a human person; Hebrews were living bodies, they ...
Mortalists, those Christians who do not believe that humans have immortal souls, may believe in a universal resurrection, such as Thomas Hobbes in Leviathan. [84] Some mortalist denominations may believe in a universal resurrection of all the dead, but in two resurrection events, one at either end of a millennium, such as Seventh-day Adventists ...