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  2. Hydraulic jumps in rectangular channels - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_Jumps_in...

    The relationship given in Figure 8 below was developed for a horizontal, rectangular channel with q = 10 ft 2 /s. This graph is limited by the following due to the nature of a hydraulic jump: 1. y 2 /y 1 > 1: depth increases over the jump so that y 2 > y 1 2. Fr 2 < 1: downstream flow must be subcritical 3. Fr 1 > 1: upstream flow must be ...

  3. Letter frequency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter_frequency

    The California Job Case was a compartmentalized box for printing in the 19th century, sizes corresponding to the commonality of letters. The frequency of letters in text has been studied for use in cryptanalysis, and frequency analysis in particular, dating back to the Arab mathematician al-Kindi (c. AD 801–873 ), who formally developed the method (the ciphers breakable by this technique go ...

  4. Arithmetic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic

    For instance, the numeral for 10,405 uses one time the symbol for 10,000, four times the symbol for 100, and five times the symbol for 1. A similar well-known framework is the Roman numeral system . It has the symbols I, V, X, L, C, D, M as its basic numerals to represent the numbers 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500, and 1000.

  5. Equals sign - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equals_sign

    1 + 2 = 3, 3 + 3 = 6, 6 + 4 = 10, 10 + 5 = 15. This difficulty results from subtly different uses of the sign in education. In early, arithmetic-focused grades, the equals sign may be operational ; like the equal button on an electronic calculator, it demands the result of a calculation.

  6. Archimedes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archimedes

    As the number of sides increases, it becomes a more accurate approximation of a circle. After four such steps, when the polygons had 96 sides each, he was able to determine that the value of π lay between 31 / 7 ⁠ (approx. 3.1429) and 310 / 71 ⁠ (approx. 3.1408), consistent with its actual value of approximately 3.1416. [75]

  7. Arithmetic coding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic_coding

    For example, the number 457 is actually 4×10 2 + 5×10 1 + 7×10 0, where base 10 is presumed but not shown explicitly. Initially, we will convert DABDDB into a base-6 numeral, because 6 is the length of the string.

  8. Algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithm

    Flowchart of using successive subtractions to find the greatest common divisor of number r and s. In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm (/ ˈ æ l ɡ ə r ɪ ð əm / ⓘ) is a finite sequence of mathematically rigorous instructions, typically used to solve a class of specific problems or to perform a computation. [1]

  9. 2021 Western Australian state election - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Western_Australian...

    14.5 6.7 Kim Giddens: Labor Carine: Liberal Tony Krsticevic: 10.2 12.6 2.4 Paul Lilburne: Labor Churchlands: Liberal Sean L'Estrange: 11.7 12.5 0.8 Christine Tonkin: Labor Darling Range: Liberal Alyssa Hayden: 3.5* 16.5 12.9 Hugh Jones: Labor Dawesville: Liberal Zak Kirkup: 0.8 14.7 13.9 Lisa Munday: Labor Geraldton: National** Ian Blayney: 1.3 ...