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Genetically modified rice are rice strains that have been genetically modified (also called genetic engineering). Rice plants have been modified to increase micronutrients such as vitamin A , accelerate photosynthesis , tolerate herbicides, resist pests, increase grain size, generate nutrients, flavors or produce human proteins.
Genetically modified golden rice can produce up to 23 times as much beta-carotene as the original golden rice. [3] [4] [5] Golden rice is generally considered to be safe: with the FDA, Health Canada, International Rice Research Institute and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation supporting its use.
Golden rice is genetically modified for an increased nutrient level, which has a different color and vitamin A content. Golden rice is the most well known GM crop that is aimed at increasing nutrient value. It has been engineered with three genes that biosynthesise beta-carotene, a precursor of vitamin A, in the edible parts of rice. [130]
In 2014, 181.5 million hectares of genetically modified crops were planted in 28 countries. Half of all GM crops planted were genetically modified soybeans, either for herbicide tolerance or insect resistance. Eleven countries grew modified soybean, with the USA, Brazil and Argentina accounting for 90% of the total hectarage.
Genetically modified crops ... For example, rice, canola and tomato crops have been genetically modified to increase their tolerance to salt stress. [139] [140]
In August 2013, anti-genetically modified organism protestors broke into IRRI's research facilities and destroyed field trials of golden rice. [12] The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation supports IRRI in its development of golden rice.
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IR8 is a high-yielding semi-dwarf rice variety developed by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in the early 1960s. It was developed by an IRRI team consisting of Peter Jennings, Hank Beachell, Akira Tanaka, T.T. Chang, S.K. De Datta, and Robert Chandler.