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A Tesla coil is an electrical resonant transformer circuit designed by inventor Nikola Tesla in 1891. [1] It is used to produce high-voltage, low-current, high-frequency alternating-current electricity. [2] [3] Tesla experimented with a number of different configurations consisting of two, or sometimes three, coupled resonant electric circuits.
With the success of Tesla's A.C. system, it soon became the preferred method of generating electricity worldwide. Tesla worked on a number of other inventions, including a transformer that would change a low voltage to a high voltage by means of safe A.C. electric current. This transformer came to be known as the Tesla coil.
It is interesting to note that rigorous mathematical descriptions of Tesla's Magnifier did not become available until 50-100 years after Tesla's pioneering work. Modern analyses have succeeded in applying distributed "transmission line" descriptions of the "extra coil" rather than the usual lumped-constant analysis.
English: Circuit diagram of a modern unipolar W:Tesla coil, a spark-excited resonant transformer circuit which produces high frequency high voltage alternating current at low current levels. It was invented by Serbian-American inventor Nikola Tesla in 1891.
In the majority of Tesla's experiments, he used machinery of his own design to produce the Tesla effect. These early coils would use the "disruptive" action of a spark gap in their operation. The setup can be duplicated by a Ruhmkorff coil, two condensers (now called capacitors), and a second, specially constructed, disruptive coil.
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This is a modern unipolar version commonly used in entertainment coils, with a toroidal-shaped metal capacitive load E on the high voltage terminal. The primary circuit is shown connected to the primary winding L1 with a variable tap, so that the primary and secondary coils can be adjusted to resonance.
Streamer discharges into the air from the high voltage terminal of a large Tesla coil. The streamers form at the end of a pointed rod projecting from the terminal. The high electric field at the pointed end causes the air to ionize there. Video clip of streamers from a Tesla coil.