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Chloroplasts: found in green algae (plants) and other organisms that derived their genomes from green algae. Muroplasts: also known as cyanoplasts or cyanelles, the plastids of glaucophyte algae are similar to plant chloroplasts, excepting they have a peptidoglycan cell wall that is similar to that of bacteria.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA), also known as plastid DNA (ptDNA) is the DNA located in chloroplasts, which are photosynthetic organelles located within the cells of some eukaryotic organisms. Chloroplasts, like other types of plastid , contain a genome separate from that in the cell nucleus .
The chloroplasts of red algae have chlorophylls a and c (often), and phycobilins, while those of green algae have chloroplasts with chlorophyll a and b without phycobilins. Land plants are pigmented similarly to green algae and probably developed from them, thus the Chlorophyta is a sister taxon to the plants; sometimes the Chlorophyta, the ...
Valonia ventricosa, also known as bubble algae, sea grape, [2] or sailor's eyeballs, [3] is a species of algae found in oceans throughout the world in tropical and subtropical regions, within the phylum Chlorophyta. It is one of the largest known unicellular organisms. [3] [4] Valonia ventricosa in the Red Sea
Brown algae Commercial crop 543.4 Mb Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Institutes of Life Science 2015 [62] The Greenhouse [15] Thalassiosira oceanica CCMP 1005 Model organism 92.2 Mb 34,642 The Future Ocean: 2012 [63] The Greenhouse [15] Thalassiosira pseudonana: model organism 32.4 Mb 11,673 Diatom Consortium: 2009 [64] The Greenhouse [15]
Some algae have two chloroplasts in each cell; they are star-shaped in Zygnema, [110] or may follow the shape of half the cell in order Desmidiales. [111] In some algae, the chloroplast takes up most of the cell, with pockets for the nucleus and other organelles, [ 12 ] for example, some species of Chlorella have a cup-shaped chloroplast that ...
The unique combination of host cell and complex plastid results in cells with four genomes: two prokaryotic genomes (mitochondrion and plastid of the red or green algae) and two eukaryotic genomes (nucleus of host cell and nucleomorph). The model cryptomonad Guillardia theta became an important focus for scientists studying nucleomorphs. Its ...
Haploid algal cells (containing only one copy of their DNA) can fuse with other haploid cells to form diploid zygotes. When filamentous algae do this, they form bridges between cells, and leave empty cell walls behind that can be easily distinguished under the light microscope. This process is called conjugation and occurs for example in Spirogyra.