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Hand-foot-genital syndrome (HFGS) is characterized by limb malformations and urogenital defects. Mild bilateral shortening of the thumbs and great toes , caused primarily by shortening of the distal phalanx and/or the first metacarpal or metatarsal , is the most common limb malformation and results in impaired dexterity or apposition of the thumbs.
[10] It is a feature of various rare disorders such as Apert's syndrome, and can occur alongside other isolated congenital hand/foot malformations including syndactyly, cleft hand, metatarsal synostosis, and polydactyly. [11] A syndromic form of syndactyly known as syndactyly type V has metacarpal and metatarsal synostosis as symptoms. [12]
[3] [5] The third (middle finger) metacarpal head has been reported to be the most common site of necrosis. [6] Though osteonecrosis is a fairly common condition, many cases of avascular necrosis of the metacarpal head go without being diagnosed. This is because presentation of symptoms is variable depending on the patient.
The index metacarpal is the most firmly fixed, while the thumb metacarpal articulates with the trapezium and acts independently from the others. The middle metacarpals are tightly united to the carpus by intrinsic interlocking bone elements at their bases. The ring metacarpal is somewhat more mobile while the fifth metacarpal is semi ...
Carpometacarpal bossing (or metacarpal/carpal bossing) is a small, immovable mass of bone on the back of the wrist. The mass occurs in one of the joints between the carpus and metacarpus of the hand , called the carpometacarpal joints , where a small immovable protuberance [ 1 ] occurs when this joint becomes swollen or bossed.
Metacarpal osteotomy was proposed as a potentially disease modifying surgery for more limited arthrosis, [24] but there is no experimental support for this theory. [ 25 ] There is limited and limited quality evidence regarding splints, corticosteroid injections, manual therapy and other palliative measures.
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These joints are of the condyloid kind, formed by the reception of the rounded heads of the metacarpal bones into shallow cavities on the proximal ends of the proximal phalanges. [1] Being condyloid, they allow the movements of flexion , extension , abduction , adduction and circumduction (see anatomical terms of motion ) at the joint.