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The rate of muscle loss is dependent on exercise level, co-morbidities, nutrition and other factors. Sarcopenia can lead to reduction in functional status and cause significant disability from increased weakness. The muscle loss is related to changes in muscle synthesis signalling pathways although is incompletely understood.
Multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) is a progressively worsening condition where muscles in the extremities gradually weaken.The disorder, a pure motor neuropathy syndrome, is sometimes mistaken for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) because of the similarity in the clinical picture, especially if muscle fasciculations are present.
Its causes are many and can be divided into conditions that have either true or perceived muscle weakness. True muscle weakness is a primary symptom of a variety of skeletal muscle diseases, including muscular dystrophy and inflammatory myopathy. It occurs in neuromuscular junction disorders, such as myasthenia gravis. Muscle weakness can also ...
Face, shoulders, upper arms, progressing to other muscles Causes progressive weakness, initially in the muscles of the face, shoulders, and upper arms. Additional muscles are often affected. [20] Affected individuals can become severely disabled, with 20% requiring a wheelchair by age 50. [21] 30% of cases involve spontaneous mutations. [21]
As we age, our overall muscle mass tends to decline. After age 50, we lose an average of 1–2% of our muscle mass each year. Experts estimate that 5–13% of individuals aged 60–70 have sarcopenia.
Various patterns of muscle weakness occur in different motor neuron diseases. [6] Weakness can be symmetric or asymmetric, and it can occur in body parts that are distal, proximal, or both. According to Statland et al., there are three main weakness patterns that are seen in motor neuron diseases, which are: [6] [9]
There are many proposed causes of sarcopenia and it is likely the result of multiple interacting factors. Understanding of the causes of sarcopenia is incomplete, however changes in hormones, immobility, age-related muscle changes, nutrition and neurodegenerative changes have all been recognized as potential causative factors.
The disorder causes muscle weakness, atrophy, and muscle spasms throughout the body due to the degeneration of the upper motor and lower motor neurons. Sensory nerves and the autonomic nervous system are generally unaffected, meaning the majority of people with ALS maintain hearing , sight , touch , smell , and taste .