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Lifileucel is the first tumor-derived T cell immunotherapy approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). [3] It was approved for medical use in the United States in February 2024. [ 2 ] [ 4 ]
1900 – Swedish Dr. Stenbeck cures a skin cancer with small doses of radiation [4]; 1920s – Dr. William B. Coley's immunotherapy treatment, regressed tumors in hundreds of cases, the success of Coley's Toxins attracted heavy resistance from his rival and supervisor, Dr. James Ewing, who was an ardent supporter of radiation therapy for cancer.
Cancer immunotherapy (immuno-oncotherapy) is the stimulation of the immune system to treat cancer, improving the immune system's natural ability to fight the disease. [1] It is an application of the fundamental research of cancer immunology ( immuno-oncology ) and a growing subspecialty of oncology .
In the long run, this led to his team’s discovery of the process where the body signals monocytes to become dendritic cells, the master switch of the selective human immune system. In 1988 Edelson’s invention, became the first immunotherapy for any cancer to be approved by the FDA. [1]
Obecabtagene autoleucel, sold under the brand name Aucatzyl, is an anti-cancer medication used for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. [1] [2] It is a CD19-directed genetically modified autologous T-cell immunotherapy.
Durvalumab, [8] sold under the brand name Imfinzi, is an FDA-approved immunotherapy for cancer, developed by Medimmune/AstraZeneca. [9] It is a human immunoglobulin G1 kappa (IgG1κ) monoclonal antibody that blocks the interaction of programmed cell death ligand 1 ( PD-L1 ) with the PD-1 (CD279).
It was later approved for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. In 2017, it became the first immunotherapy drug approved for use based on the genetic mutations of the tumor rather than the site of the tumor.
Immunotherapy or biological therapy is the treatment of disease by activating or suppressing the immune system. Immunotherapies designed to elicit or amplify an immune response are classified as activation immunotherapies, while immunotherapies that reduce or suppress are classified as suppression immunotherapies .