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A nucleoside triphosphate is a nucleoside containing a nitrogenous base bound to a 5-carbon sugar (either ribose or deoxyribose), with three phosphate groups bound to the sugar. [1] They are the molecular precursors of both DNA and RNA , which are chains of nucleotides made through the processes of DNA replication and transcription . [ 2 ]
In enzymology, a nucleoside-triphosphate diphosphatase (EC 3.6.1.19) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. a nucleoside triphosphate + H 2 O a nucleotide + diphosphate. Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are nucleoside triphosphate and H 2 O, whereas its two products are nucleotide and diphosphate.
A nucleoside consists simply of a nucleobase (also termed a nitrogenous base) and a five-carbon sugar (ribose or 2'-deoxyribose) whereas a nucleotide is composed of a nucleobase, a five-carbon sugar, and one or more phosphate groups. In a nucleoside, the anomeric carbon is linked through a glycosidic bond to the N9 of a purine or the N1 of a ...
In enzymology, a nucleoside-triphosphatase (NTPase) (EC 3.6.1.15) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction NTP + H 2 O ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } NDP + phosphate Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are NTP and H 2 O , whereas its two products are NDP and phosphate .
A nucleotide is an organic molecule consisting of a nitrogenous heterocyclic nucleobase (a purine or a pyrimidine), a pentose sugar (deoxyribose in DNA or ribose in RNA), and a phosphate or polyphosphate group.
This occurs as a result of a reaction between nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) and glycosyl monophosphate (phosphate at anomeric carbon). The recent discovery of the reversibility of many glycosyltransferase -catalyzed reactions calls into question the designation of sugar nucleotides as 'activated' donors.
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate [2] that provides energy to drive and support many processes in living cells, such as muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, and chemical synthesis. Found in all known forms of life, it is often referred to as the "molecular unit of currency" for intracellular energy transfer. [3]
Cytidine diphosphate, abbreviated CDP, is a nucleoside diphosphate. It is an ester of pyrophosphoric acid with the nucleoside cytidine. CDP consists of the pyrophosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase cytosine. In Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, CDP-activated glycerol and ribitol are necessary to build wall ...