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Symplectic manifolds arise from classical mechanics; in particular, they are a generalization of the phase space of a closed system. [1] In the same way the Hamilton equations allow one to derive the time evolution of a system from a set of differential equations, the symplectic form should allow one to obtain a vector field describing the flow of the system from the differential of a ...
Introduction to smooth manifolds. New York: Springer. ISBN 0-387-95448-1. A textbook on manifold theory. See also the same author's textbooks on topological manifolds (a lower level of structure) and Riemannian geometry (a higher level of structure).
Let M be a smooth manifold. A (smooth) singular k-simplex in M is defined as a smooth map from the standard simplex in R k to M. The group C k (M, Z) of singular k-chains on M is defined to be the free abelian group on the set of singular k-simplices in M. These groups, together with the boundary map, ∂, define a chain complex.
Conversely, given any contact manifold M, the product M×R has a natural structure of a symplectic manifold. If α is a contact form on M, then ω = d(e t α) is a symplectic form on M×R, where t denotes the variable in the R-direction. This new manifold is called the symplectization (sometimes symplectification in the literature) of the ...
A smooth structure on a manifold is a collection of smoothly equivalent smooth atlases. Here, a smooth atlas for a topological manifold is an atlas for such that each transition function is a smooth map, and two smooth atlases for are smoothly equivalent provided their union is again a smooth atlas for .
It follows that is a regular value of , so () and its quotient / are both smooth manifolds. The quotient inherits a symplectic form from M {\displaystyle M} ; that is, there is a unique symplectic form on the quotient whose pullback to μ − 1 ( 0 ) {\displaystyle \mu ^{-1}(0)} equals the restriction of ω {\displaystyle \omega } to μ − 1 ...
Vector field corresponding to a differential form on the punctured plane that is closed but not exact, showing that the de Rham cohomology of this space is non-trivial.. In mathematics, de Rham cohomology (named after Georges de Rham) is a tool belonging both to algebraic topology and to differential topology, capable of expressing basic topological information about smooth manifolds in a form ...
In mathematics, specifically in the field of differential topology, Morse homology is a homology theory defined for any smooth manifold.It is constructed using the smooth structure and an auxiliary metric on the manifold, but turns out to be topologically invariant, and is in fact isomorphic to singular homology.