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Johann Maria Farina 1685–1766 Letter for one of the orders of Farina's new fragrance, 1716. Giovanni Maria Farina (born 8 December 1685, Santa Maria Maggiore; Germanized name: Johann Maria Farina, Francized: Jean Marie Farina – 25 November 1766, Cologne) was an Italian-born perfumier in Germany who created the first Eau de Cologne.
Demi-monde is a French 19th-century term referring to women on the fringes of respectable society, and specifically to courtesans supported by wealthy lovers. [1] The term is French for "half-world", and derives from an 1855 play called Le Demi-Monde, by Alexandre Dumas fils, [2] dealing with the way that prostitution at that time threatened the institution of marriage.
14th century Hungary water: Unknown [1] 14th century Carmelite Water: Unknown [2] 1709 Farina Eau de Cologne: Farina gegenüber: Johann Maria Farina (1685-1766) 1772 Number Six: Caswell-Massey: William Hunter (1730-1777) 1798 Eau de Lubin: Parfums Lubin Pierre François Lubin [3] 19th century Kolonya: Abdul Hamid II [4] 1803 4711 Eau de Cologne ...
19th; 20th; 21st; 22nd; 23rd; 24th; Perfumes created in the 19th century. Pages in category "19th-century perfumes" This category contains only the following page.
Cultivation of flowers for their perfume essence, which had begun in the 14th century, grew into a major industry in the south of France mainly in Grasse now considered the world capital of perfume. During the Renaissance period, perfumes were used primarily by royalty and the wealthy to mask body odors resulting from the sanitary practices of ...
lit. "to shock the middle classes", [26] a rallying cry for the French Decadent poets of the late 19th century including Charles Baudelaire and Arthur Rimbaud. [27] [28] escargot snail; in English, used only as a culinary term. esprit de corps lit. "spirit of the body [group]": a feeling of solidarity among members of a group; morale.
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For many cultures, women's hair is an expression of their femininity, and Victorian women were of no exception. Many nineteenth-century photographs show women with extremely long hair. The length of the hair, in particular, was a display of a woman's health and was well taken care of. Both men and women used products to promote hair growth.