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Sarcopenia (ICD-10-CM code M62.84 [1]) is a type of muscle loss that occurs with aging and/or immobility. It is characterized by the degenerative loss of skeletal muscle mass, quality, and strength. The rate of muscle loss is dependent on exercise level, co-morbidities, nutrition and other factors.
Sarcopenic obesity is a combination of two disease states, sarcopenia and obesity.Sarcopenia is the muscle mass/strength/physical function loss associated with increased age, [1] and obesity is based off a weight to height ratio or body mass index (BMI) that is characterized by high body fat or being overweight.
In the elderly, this often leads to decreased biological reserve and increased vulnerability to stressors known as the "frailty syndrome." [3] Loss of lean body mass is also associated with increased risk of infection, decreased immunity, and poor wound healing. The weakness that accompanies muscle atrophy leads to higher risk of falls ...
The loss of cholinergic neurons noted in the limbic system and cerebral cortex, is a key feature in the progression of Alzheimer's. [39] The 1991 amyloid hypothesis postulated that extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) deposits are the fundamental cause of the disease.
The physiological importance for cell senescence has been attributed to prevention of carcinogenesis, and more recently, aging, development, and tissue repair. [9] Senescent cells contribute to the aging phenotype , including frailty syndrome , sarcopenia , and aging-associated diseases . [ 10 ]
Osteoporosis can affect nearly 1 in 3 women and the bone loss is the most rapid within the first 2–3 years after menopause. This can be prevented by menopause hormone therapy or MHT, which is meant to prevent bone loss and the degradation of the bone microarchitecture and is noted to reduce the risk of fractures in bones by 20-30%.
Since osteoporosis causes loss of bone mineral density, it makes bones more prone to breaking in the event of a hip injury. Hip Impingement Hip impingement is caused by a congenital abnormality.
In medicine, wasting, also known as wasting syndrome, refers to the process by which a debilitating disease causes muscle and fat tissue to "waste" away. Wasting is sometimes referred to as "acute malnutrition" because it is believed that episodes of wasting have a short duration, in contrast to stunting , which is regarded as chronic malnutrition.