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Atopic dermatitis (AD), also known as atopic eczema, is a long-term type of inflammation of the skin. [2] Atopic dermatitis is also often called simply eczema but the same term is also used to refer to dermatitis, the larger group of skin conditions. [2] [5] Atopic dermatitis results in itchy, red, swollen, and cracked skin. [2]
European Guidelines for the treatment of atopic eczema recommend that application amount of topical anti-inflammatory therapy should follow the FTU rule. [16] In the USA it has been recommended that the FTU should be used as part of the treatment plan and communication with patients and caregivers of children with atopic eczema. [17]
The SCORAD ("SCORing Atopic Dermatitis") index is a clinical tool for assessing the extent of the disease, disease intensity, and subjective symptoms of atopic dermatitis. [1] It gives approximate weights of 60% to intensity and 20% each to extent and subjective symptoms.
The Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) is a validated tool for the measurement of severity of atopic dermatitis.It ranges from 0 (no disease) to 72 (maximal disease). [1] [2] The EASI was developed in 1998 by modifying the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), a widely accepted scoring system for psoriasis.
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic dermatitis associated with a hereditary tendency to develop allergies to food and inhalant substances. [46] [47] [48] Atopic dermatitis (atopic eczema, disseminated neurodermatitis, flexural eczema, infantile eczema, prurigo diathsique)
The term atopic dermatitis was coined in 1933 by Wise and Sulzberger. [95] Sulfur as a topical treatment for eczema was fashionable in the Victorian and Edwardian eras. [84] The word dermatitis is from the Greek δέρμα derma 'skin' and -ῖτις-itis 'inflammation' and eczema is from Greek: ἔκζεμα ekzema 'eruption'. [96]
In the US, crisaborole is indicated for topical treatment of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis in people three months of age and older. [2]In the EU, crisaborole was authorized for treatment of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis in people two years of age and older with ≤ 40% body surface area (BSA) affected.
Topical steroid withdrawal, also known as red burning skin and steroid dermatitis, has been reported in people who apply topical steroids for 2 weeks or longer and then discontinue use. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 2 ] [ 1 ] Symptoms affect the skin and include redness, a burning sensation, and itchiness, [ 2 ] which may then be followed by peeling.
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