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  2. Expanded memory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expanded_memory

    IBM, however, created its own expanded-memory standard called XMA. The use of expanded memory became common with games and business programs such as Lotus 1-2-3 in the late 1980s through the mid-1990s, but its use declined as users switched from DOS to protected-mode operating systems such as Linux, IBM OS/2, and Microsoft Windows.

  3. Extended memory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_memory

    Extended memory is located above 1 MB, includes the high memory area, and ends at 16 MB on the Intel 286 and at 4 GB on the Intel 386DX and later. In DOS memory management, extended memory refers to memory above the first megabyte (2 20 bytes) of address space in an IBM PC or compatible with an 80286 or later processor.

  4. EMM386 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EMM386

    EMM386 is the expanded memory manager of Microsoft's MS-DOS, IBM's PC DOS, Digital Research's DR-DOS, and Datalight's ROM-DOS [1] which is used to create expanded memory using extended memory on Intel 80386 CPUs. There also is an EMM386.EXE available in FreeDOS. [2]

  5. DOS memory management - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOS_memory_management

    For the IBM PC and IBM PC/XT, with only 20 address lines, special-purpose expanded memory cards were made containing perhaps a megabyte, or more, of expanded memory, with logic on the board to make that memory accessible to the processor in defined parts of the 8088 address space.

  6. QEMM - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QEMM

    QEMM for 80386 and IBM PS/2 personal computers. QEMM provides access to the Upper Memory Area (UMA) and memory through the Expanded Memory Specification (EMS), Extended Memory Specification (XMS), Virtual Control Program Interface (VCPI) and DOS Protected Mode Interface (DPMI).

  7. z/Architecture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z/Architecture

    Traditionally IBM Mainframe memory has been byte-addressable. This kind of memory is termed "Central Storage". IBM Mainframe processors through much of the 1980s and 1990s supported another kind of memory: Expanded Storage. It was first introduced with the IBM 3090 high-end mainframe series in 1985. [28] Expanded Storage is 4KB-page addressable.

  8. Bank switching - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_switching

    Expanded memory in the IBM PC. In 1985, the companies Lotus and Intel introduced Expanded Memory Specification (EMS) 3.0 for use in IBM PC compatible computers running MS-DOS. Microsoft joined for versions 3.2 in 1986 and 4.0 in 1987 and the specification became known as Lotus-Intel-Microsoft EMS or LIM EMS.

  9. DESQview - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DESQview

    The memory manager is easily controlled by the user with DOS program QEMM.COM. DESQview is able to use QEMM's features far beyond just the LIM EMS API, mapping most of the "conventional" address space (below 640 KB) into multiple extended memory blocks such that each can execute transparently during its context.