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This polarization is the displacement current as it was originally conceived by Maxwell. Maxwell made no special treatment of the vacuum, treating it as a material medium. For Maxwell, the effect of P was simply to change the relative permittivity ε r in the relation D = ε 0 ε r E. The modern justification of displacement current is ...
In free space, the displacement current is related to the time rate of change of electric field. In a dielectric the above contribution to displacement current is present too, but a major contribution to the displacement current is related to the polarization of the individual molecules of the dielectric material.
This lent the equations their full significance with respect to understanding the nature of the phenomena he elucidated. (Kirchhoff derived the telegrapher's equations in 1857 without using displacement current, but he did use Poisson's equation and the equation of continuity, which are the mathematical ingredients of the displacement current ...
In physics, the electric displacement field (denoted by D), also called electric flux density is a vector field that appears in Maxwell's equations. It accounts for the electromagnetic effects of polarization and that of an electric field , combining the two in an auxiliary field .
The size of the displacement current is dependent on the frequency ω of the applied field E; there is no displacement current in a constant field. In this formalism, the complex permittivity is defined as: [19] [20]
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The center conductor is held at voltage V and draws a current I toward the right, so we expect a total power flow of P = V · I according to basic laws of electricity. By evaluating the Poynting vector, however, we are able to identify the profile of power flow in terms of the electric and magnetic fields inside the coaxial cable.
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