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In mathematics, a relation denotes some kind of relationship between two objects in a set, which may or may not hold. [1] As an example, " is less than " is a relation on the set of natural numbers ; it holds, for instance, between the values 1 and 3 (denoted as 1 < 3 ), and likewise between 3 and 4 (denoted as 3 < 4 ), but not between the ...
In mathematics and abstract algebra, a relation algebra is a residuated Boolean algebra expanded with an involution called converse, a unary operation.The motivating example of a relation algebra is the algebra 2 X 2 of all binary relations on a set X, that is, subsets of the cartesian square X 2, with R•S interpreted as the usual composition of binary relations R and S, and with the ...
In constructive mathematics, "not empty" and "inhabited" are not equivalent: every inhabited set is not empty but the converse is not always guaranteed; that is, in constructive mathematics, a set that is not empty (where by definition, "is empty" means that the statement () is true) might not have an inhabitant (which is an such that ).
Mathematical relations fall into various types according to their specific properties, often as expressed in the axioms or definitions that they satisfy. Many of these types of relations are listed below.
In applied mathematics, computer science and statistics, it is common to refer to a Boolean-valued function as an n-ary predicate. From the more abstract viewpoint of formal logic and model theory, the relation R constitutes a logical model or a relational structure, that serves as one of many possible interpretations of some n-ary predicate ...
A term's definition may require additional properties that are not listed in this table. In mathematics, a relation on a set is called connected or complete or total if it relates (or "compares") all distinct pairs of elements of the set in one direction or the other while it is called strongly connected if it relates all pairs of elements.
In linear algebra, a linear relation, or simply relation, between elements of a vector space or a module is a linear equation that has these elements as a solution.. More precisely, if , …, are elements of a (left) module M over a ring R (the case of a vector space over a field is a special case), a relation between , …, is a sequence (, …,) of elements of R such that
In the mathematics of binary relations, the composition of relations is the forming of a new binary relation R ; S from two given binary relations R and S.In the calculus of relations, the composition of relations is called relative multiplication, [1] and its result is called a relative product.