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A floodplain or flood plain or bottomlands [1] is an area of land adjacent to a river. Floodplains stretch from the banks of a river channel to the base of the enclosing valley, and experience flooding during periods of high discharge. [2] The soils usually consist of clays, silts, sands, and gravels deposited during floods. [3]
For example, in Bangladesh in 2007, a flood was responsible for the destruction of more than one million houses. And yearly in the United States, floods cause over $7 billion in damage. [39] Mud was deposited in this house by flooding in the 2018 Kerala floods in India. Flooding not only creates water damage, but can also deposit large amounts ...
A series of terraces along a river. The oldest terraces (T1) are higher standing than the younger terraces (T3). The present floodplain (T4) will soon become the youngest terrace surface as the river incises. Terraces can be formed in many ways and in several geologic and environmental settings. By studying the size, shape, and age of terraces ...
A floodplain is the land around a river that can flood if the river jumps its banks. Forests that grow on the floodplain are called floodplain forests, sometimes also called bottomland forests.
The flood pulse concept focuses on habitats that flood seasonally, including lakes and marshes. The land that interfaces with a water body is that body's riparian zone . Plants in the riparian zone of a river help stabilize its banks to prevent erosion and filter alluvium deposited by the river on the shore, including processing the nitrogen ...
For example, downcutting by a river can lead to increased velocity of a tributary, causing that tributary to erode toward its headwaters. Terraces can also be left behind when the volume of the fluvial flow declines due to changes in climate , typical of areas which were covered by ice during periods of glaciation , and their adjacent drainage ...
Floodplain (centre) within the alluvial plain of the Waimakariri River, New Zealand (part of the Canterbury Plains). A small, incised alluvial plain from Red Rock Canyon State Park (California) . An alluvial plain is a plain (an essentially flat landform ) created by the deposition of sediment over a long period by one or more rivers coming ...
A river terrace is the remains of an old floodplain at a higher elevation than the present one. It typically results from river rejuvenation with further rejuvenation able to form new terraces, resulting in a step like profile around a river.