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This system was phased out in 1972–1977 in favor of the modern system where grades 1–9 are mandatory. After the age of 15, the system bifurcates into academic and vocational tracks (ammattioppilaitos) both at the secondary and tertiary levels. Recently, it became formally possible to enter tertiary education with a vocational degree ...
Barton, H. Arnold "Popular Education in Sweden: Theory and Practice," in Facets of Education in the Eighteenth Century, ed. James A. Leith, (Oxford: The Voltaire Foundation, 1977) pp. 523–546. Bjorklund, Anders, et al. The market comes to education in Sweden: an evaluation of Sweden's surprising school reforms. (Russell Sage Foundation, 2006).
Norway's first large-scale education institution for people with intellectual disabilities was founded in 1898 by educator Emma Hjorth. [19] Since the 1970s, the government has legislated the policy that all children should be educated in local schools. Since then, special education has taken place mostly in ordinary schools. [20]
Prior to 2002 the higher education in Norway had a significantly different system of education with roots back to the start of higher education in the country. It was based on a 3.5 or 4 year cand.mag. degree supplemented with a Masters or hovedfag lasting 1.5 or 2 years. Total study time was five years within sciences while it was six years ...
This list of universities in Sweden is based on the Higher Education Ordinance of 1993 (as amended until January 2006). With few exceptions, all higher education in Sweden is publicly funded. The Swedish higher education system differentiates between universitet and högskola (university and university college respectively). The universities ...
Scandinavian Journal of History 6.1-4 (1981): 55–76. Skovgaard-Petersen, Vagn. "Forty years of research into the history of education in Denmark." Scandinavian journal of educational research 41.3-4 (1997): 319-331. Stubager, Rune. "The development of the education cleavage: Denmark as a critical case." West European Politics 33.3 (2010): 505 ...
Higher education policy refers to education policy for higher education institutions such as universities, specifically how they are organised, funded, and operated in a society. According to Ansell (2006) there are "three different institutional forms of higher education provision: the Anglo-Saxon, Continental and the Scandinavian education ...
In the gymnasium (three-year pre-university course, similar to the UK sixth form college, officially called "upper secondary school" by Skolverket, despite there being no such thing as a "lower secondary school"), the same grading system as the primary school was used until 2011, when it was changed to a six-degree system A–F (A being the highest and F for having failed). [2]