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  2. Chiral drugs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiral_drugs

    Louis Pasteur - pioneering stereochemist. Chirality can be traced back to 1812, when physicist Jean-Baptiste Biot found out about a phenomenon called "optical activity." [10] Louis Pasteur, a famous student of Biot's, made a series of observations that led him to suggest that the optical activity of some substances is caused by their molecular asymmetry, which makes nonsuperimposable mirror ...

  3. Stereoisomerism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereoisomerism

    Traditionally, double bond stereochemistry was described as either cis (Latin, on this side) or trans (Latin, across), in reference to the relative position of substituents on either side of a double bond. A simple example of cis–trans isomerism is the 1,2-disubstituted ethenes, like the dichloroethene (C 2 H 2 Cl 2) isomers shown below. [7]

  4. Diastereomer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diastereomer

    There are many more pairs of diastereomers, because each of these configurations is a diastereomer with respect to every other configuration excluding its own enantiomer (for example, R,R,R is a diastereomer of R,R,S; R,S,R; and R,S,S). For n = 4, there are sixteen stereoisomers, or

  5. Chirality (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirality_(chemistry)

    However, a stereogenic center can also be a trivalent atom whose bonds are not in the same plane, such as phosphorus in P-chiral phosphines (PRR′R″) and sulfur in S-chiral sulfoxides (OSRR′), because a lone-pair of electrons is present instead of a fourth bond. 1,1′-Bi-2-naphthol is an example of a molecule with a stereogenic axis.

  6. Epimer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epimer

    In stereochemistry, an epimer is one of a pair of diastereomers. [1] The two epimers have opposite configuration at only one stereogenic center out of at least two. [2] All other stereogenic centers in the molecules are the same in each. Epimerization is the interconversion of one epimer to the other epimer.

  7. Racemic mixture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racemic_mixture

    A racemic mixture is denoted by the prefix (±)-or dl-(for sugars the prefix dl-may be used), indicating an equal (1:1) mixture of dextro and levo isomers. Also the prefix rac- (or racem- ) or the symbols RS and SR (all in italic letters) are used.

  8. Chiral resolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiral_resolution

    Chiral resolution, or enantiomeric resolution, [1] is a process in stereochemistry for the separation of racemic mixture into their enantiomers. [2] It is an important tool in the production of optically active compounds, including drugs. [3] Another term with the same meaning is optical resolution.

  9. Chiral derivatizing agent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiral_derivatizing_agent

    (R)-α-methoxy-α-(trifluoromethyl)- phenylacetic acid (Mosher's acid). In analytical chemistry, a chiral derivatizing agent (CDA), also known as a chiral resolving reagent, is a derivatization reagent that is a chiral auxiliary used to convert a mixture of enantiomers into diastereomers in order to analyze the quantities of each enantiomer present and determine the optical purity of a sample.