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This article presents a set of useful conversions and formulas for air ... as mass per unit volume of atmospheric air ... percent water vapor would have a dry basis ...
Water vapor and dry air density calculations at 0 °C: The molar mass of water is 18.02 g/mol, as calculated from the sum of the atomic masses of its constituent atoms. The average molar mass of air (approx. 78% nitrogen, N 2; 21% oxygen, O 2; 1% other gases) is 28.57 g/mol at standard temperature and pressure .
The saturation vapor density (SVD) is the maximum density of water vapor in air at a given temperature. [1] The concept is related to saturation vapor pressure (SVP). It can be used to calculate exact quantity of water vapor in the air from a relative humidity (RH = % local air humidity measured / local total air humidity possible ) Given an RH percentage, the density of water in the air is ...
, molar mass of dry air, 0.0289652 kg/mol, molar mass of water vapor, 0.018016 kg/mol, universal gas constant, 8.31446 J/(K·mol) The vapor pressure of water may be calculated from the saturation vapor pressure and relative humidity.
Mass fraction can also be expressed, with a denominator of 100, as percentage by mass (in commercial contexts often called percentage by weight, abbreviated wt.% or % w/w; see mass versus weight). It is one way of expressing the composition of a mixture in a dimensionless size ; mole fraction (percentage by moles , mol%) and volume fraction ...
Two binary solutions of different compositions or even two pure components can be mixed with various mixing ratios by masses, moles, or volumes. The mass fraction of the resulting solution from mixing solutions with masses m 1 and m 2 and mass fractions w 1 and w 2 is given by:
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When expressed in percent, it is known as the mole percent or molar percentage (unit symbol %, sometimes "mol%", equivalent to cmol/mol for 10-2). The mole fraction is called amount fraction by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) [ 1 ] and amount-of-substance fraction by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and ...