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tail has two special command line option -f and -F (follow) that allows a file to be monitored. Instead of just displaying the last few lines and exiting, tail displays the lines and then monitors the file. As new lines are added to the file by another process, tail updates the display. This is particularly useful for monitoring log files.
Concatenates and prints files on the standard output cksum: Checksums (IEEE Ethernet CRC-32) and count the bytes in a file. Supersedes other *sum utilities with -a option from version 9.0. comm: Compares two sorted files line by line csplit: Splits a file into sections determined by context lines cut: Removes sections from each line of files expand
This displays the first 5 lines of all files starting with foo: head -n 5 foo* Most versions [citation needed] allow omitting n and instead directly specifying the number: -5. GNU head allows negative arguments for the -n option, meaning to print all but the last - argument value counted - lines of each input file.-c bytes --bytes = bytes
In computing, sort is a standard command line program of Unix and Unix-like operating systems, that prints the lines of its input or concatenation of all files listed in its argument list in sorted order. Sorting is done based on one or more sort keys extracted from each line of input. By default, the entire input is taken as sort key.
-m: Show more detailed prompt, including file position.-N: Show line numbers (useful for viewing source code).-x3: Set tabstops (the number of columns per hard tab character) to the specified number (3, in this example) (useful for viewing source code).-S: Disable line wrapping ("chop long lines"). Long lines can be seen by side-scrolling.
When it has completed its operation for the last file, paste will output a newline character and move on to the next line. paste exits after all streams return end of file. The number of lines in the output stream will equal the number of lines in the input file with the largest number of lines. Missing values are represented by empty strings.
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-l: more usually treats ^L (form feed) as a special character, and will pause after any line that contains a form feed. The -l option will prevent this behavior.-f: Causes more to count logical, rather than screen lines (i.e., long lines are not folded).-p: Do not scroll. Instead, clear the whole screen and then display the text.-c: Do not ...