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In mathematics, a topological space is, roughly speaking, a geometrical space in which closeness is defined but cannot necessarily be measured by a numeric distance.More specifically, a topological space is a set whose elements are called points, along with an additional structure called a topology, which can be defined as a set of neighbourhoods for each point that satisfy some axioms ...
A three-dimensional model of a figure-eight knot.The figure-eight knot is a prime knot and has an Alexander–Briggs notation of 4 1.. Topology (from the Greek words τόπος, 'place, location', and λόγος, 'study') is the branch of mathematics concerned with the properties of a geometric object that are preserved under continuous deformations, such as stretching, twisting, crumpling ...
In topology and related areas of mathematics, a metrizable space is a topological space that is homeomorphic to a metric space. That is, a topological space ( X , τ ) {\displaystyle (X,\tau )} is said to be metrizable if there is a metric
Cauchy space – Concept in general topology and analysis; Convergence space – Generalization of the notion of convergence that is found in general topology; Filters in topology – Use of filters to describe and characterize all basic topological notions and results. Sequential space – Topological space characterized by sequences
In topology and related branches of mathematics, a connected space is a topological space that cannot be represented as the union of two or more disjoint non-empty open subsets. Connectedness is one of the principal topological properties that are used to distinguish topological spaces.
The space of homotopy classes of maps is discrete, [a] so studying maps up to homotopy is topology. Similarly, differentiable structures on a manifold is usually a discrete space, and hence an example of topology, but exotic R 4 s have continuous moduli of differentiable structures.
In topology, a topological manifold is a topological space that locally resembles real n-dimensional Euclidean space. Topological manifolds are an important class of topological spaces, with applications throughout mathematics. All manifolds are topological manifolds by definition.
In topology, a clopen set (a portmanteau of closed-open set) in a topological space is a set which is both open and closed. That this is possible may seem counterintuitive, as the common meanings of open and closed are antonyms, but their mathematical definitions are not mutually exclusive .