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In the Civil War, as was typical of the 19th century, far more soldiers died of disease than in battle, and even larger numbers were temporarily incapacitated by wounds, disease and accidents. [75] Conditions were very poor in the Confederacy , where doctors, hospitals and medical supplies were in short supply.
New England fishermen first discovered the disease in Colonial America in the 19th century. There have been accounts that beriberi was seen in Jamestown with people experiencing swellings and fluxes and high fevers as well as soldiers in the American Civil War who experienced the same symptoms as the disease beriberi. [30]
Disease and sickness had more devastating and fatal effects on emancipated slaves than on soldiers, since ex-slaves often lacked the basic necessities to survive. Emancipation liberated bondspeople from slavery, but they often lacked clean clothing, adequate shelter, proper food, and access to medicine in their escape toward Union lines.
The cause was not established at the time, treatments were ineffective, and the condition led to 35,000 British and 2,000 American casualties. The term trench nephritis was coined by Nathan Raw and was first reported in the British Medical Journal in 1915 as affecting soldiers of the British Expeditionary Force in Flanders.
[Names of Soldiers Who Died in Defense of the American Union, Interred in the National Cemetery at Nashville, Tennessee Vol XXII] American War and Military Operations Casualties: Lists and Statistics Congressional Research Service; Louisiana State University's statistical summary of major American wars
In recent years, the military has tried to build what it calls “resiliency” into its young warriors. In one Army program, Comprehensive Soldier Fitness, soldiers at every level get annual training in physical and psychological strengthening. The key to absorbing stress and moral challenges is to “own what you can control, and think before ...
The enemy, meanwhile, fought to kill, mostly with the wars’ most feared and deadly weapon, the improvised explosive device. American troops trying to help Iraqis and Afghans were being killed and maimed, usually with nowhere to return fire. When the enemy did appear, it it was hard to sort out combatant from civilian, or child.
This article lists battles and campaigns in which the number of U.S. soldiers killed was higher than 1,000. The battles and campaigns that reached that number of deaths in the field are so far limited to the American Civil War, World War I, World War II, Korean War, and one campaign during the Vietnam War (the Tet Offensive from January 30 to September 23, 1968).