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William Coley (1862-1936), pioneer of cancer immunotherapy; Albert Coons (1912-1978), developed immunofluorescent techniques for labelling antibodies; Max D. Cooper (1933-), identification of T and B cells; Yehuda Danon (1940-) Deborah Doniach (1912-2004), organ-specific auto-immunity; Eva Engvall (1940-), one of the scientists who invented ...
Immunotherapy or biological therapy is the treatment of disease by activating or suppressing the immune system. Immunotherapies designed to elicit or amplify an immune response are classified as activation immunotherapies, while immunotherapies that reduce or suppress are classified as suppression immunotherapies .
The concept of blocking PD-1 and PD-L1 for the treatment of cancer was first published in 2001. [6] Pharmaceutical companies began attempting to develop drugs to block these molecules, and the first clinical trial was launched in 2006, evaluating nivolumab.
8 July – Mitochondria are gene-edited for the first time, using a new kind of CRISPR-free base editor , by a team of researchers. [ 68 ] [ 69 ] 8 July: Researchers report that they succeeded in using a genetically altered variant of R. sulfidophilum to produce spidroins , the main proteins in spider silk .
The timeline begins at the Bronze Age, as it is difficult to give even estimates for the timing of events prior to this, such as of the discovery of counting, natural numbers and arithmetic. To avoid overlap with timeline of historic inventions , the timeline does not list examples of documentation for manufactured substances and devices unless ...
fl. 425 BC – Diogenes of Apollonia [8] c. 484 – 425 BC – Herodotus tells us Egyptian doctors were specialists: Medicine is practiced among them on a plan of separation; each physician treats a single disorder, and no more. Thus the country swarms with medical practitioners, some undertaking to cure diseases of the eye, others of the head ...
James Patrick Allison (born August 7, 1948) [4] is an American immunologist and Nobel laureate who holds the position of professor and chair of immunology and executive director of immunotherapy platform at the MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas. [5]
Steven A. Rosenberg (born 2 August 1940 [1]) is an American cancer researcher and surgeon, chief of Surgery at the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland and a Professor of Surgery at the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences and the George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences.