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The binary logarithm is the logarithm to the base 2 and is the inverse function of the power of two function. As well as log 2, an alternative notation for the binary logarithm is lb (the notation preferred by ISO 80000-2).
Indicates a logarithm base 2, i.e. lg(x) or log 2 (x) This article uses computer notation for logarithms. All instances of log( x ) without a subscript base should be interpreted as being base two, also commonly written as lg( x ) or log 2 ( x ) .
The graph of the logarithm base 2 crosses the x-axis at x = 1 and passes through the points (2, 1), (4, 2), and (8, 3), depicting, e.g., log 2 (8) = 3 and 2 3 = 8. The graph gets arbitrarily close to the y-axis, but does not meet it. Addition, multiplication, and exponentiation are three of the most fundamental arithmetic operations.
The complementary operation that finds the index or position of the most significant set bit is log base 2, so called because it computes the binary logarithm ⌊log 2 (x)⌋. [1] This is closely related to count leading zeros ( clz ) or number of leading zeros ( nlz ), which counts the number of zero bits preceding the most significant one bit.
In computer science, lg * is often used to indicate the binary iterated logarithm, which iterates the binary logarithm (with base ) instead of the natural logarithm (with base e). Mathematically, the iterated logarithm is well defined for any base greater than e 1 / e ≈ 1.444667 {\displaystyle e^{1/e}\approx 1.444667} , not only for base 2 ...
The natural logarithm of a number is its logarithm to the base of the mathematical constant e, which is an irrational and transcendental number approximately equal to 2.718 281 828 459. [1] The natural logarithm of x is generally written as ln x , log e x , or sometimes, if the base e is implicit, simply log x .
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Logarithms can be used to make calculations easier. For example, two numbers can be multiplied just by using a logarithm table and adding. These are often known as logarithmic properties, which are documented in the table below. [2] The first three operations below assume that x = b c and/or y = b d, so that log b (x) = c and log b (y) = d.