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A bootable MBR device is defined as one that can be read from, and where the last two bytes of the first sector contain the little-endian word AA55h, [nb 6] found as byte sequence 55h, AAh on disk (also known as the MBR boot signature), or where it is otherwise established that the code inside the sector is executable on x86 PCs.
INT 19h is called to initiate the boot process, and INT 18h was called to start Cassette BASIC from ROM when the boot process found that none of the possible boot devices was bootable. Originally, by hooking INT 18h, the network adapter ROM would try to boot from the network when all other boot devices (floppy drives, hard drives, etc.) had failed.
If the sector is read successfully, some BIOSes will also check for the boot sector signature 0x55 0xAA in the last two bytes of the sector (which is 512 bytes long), before accepting a boot sector and considering the device bootable. [b] When a bootable device is found, the BIOS transfers control to the loaded sector.
When GRUB is installed on a hard disk, boot.img is written into the boot sector of that hard disk. boot.img has a size of only 446 bytes. A boot sector is the sector of a persistent data storage device (e.g., hard disk , floppy disk , optical disc , etc.) which contains machine code to be loaded into random-access memory (RAM) and then executed ...
NTLDR's first action is to read the boot.ini file. [6] NTLDR allows the user to choose which operating system to boot from at the menu. For NT and NT-based operating systems, it also allows the user to pass preconfigured options to the kernel. The menu options are stored in boot.ini, which itself is located in the root of the same disk as NTLDR ...
BIOS interrupt calls perform hardware control or I/O functions requested by a program, return system information to the program, or do both. A key element of the purpose of BIOS calls is abstraction - the BIOS calls perform generally defined functions, and the specific details of how those functions are executed on the particular hardware of the system are encapsulated in the BIOS and hidden ...
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Rarely an experienced user would reinstall Windows. In the case of the former, the boot loader will most likely inform the user the name of the missing file, allowing for the user to supply and/or reinstall the missing files to resolve the boot problem. In the case of the latter, however, the computer will not be able to boot, even into safe mode.