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The Smarta tradition (Sanskrit: स्मार्त, IAST: Smārta), also called Smartism, is a movement in Hinduism that developed and expanded with the Puranas genre of literature. [2] It reflects a synthesis of four philosophical strands, namely Uttara Mīmāṃsā , Advaita , Yoga , and theism . [ 3 ]
The Smarta tradition developed during the (early) Classical Period of Hinduism around the beginning of the Common Era, when Hinduism emerged from the interaction between Brahmanism and local traditions. [252] [253] According to Flood, Smartism developed and expanded with the Puranas genre of literature. [254]
'Hinduism' (or 'Neo-Hinduism') is not unique in this regard either; the Neo-Hindu movement shares many commonalities with developments in other religious traditions around the world over the past several hundred years. The study of religion is the study of traditions in constant change. [148] [note 29]
Hinduism has no central doctrinal authority and many practising Hindus do not claim to belong to any particular denomination or tradition. [3] Four major traditions are, however, used in scholarly studies: Vaishnavism, Shaivism, Shaktism and Smartism.
Shanmata (Sanskrit: षण्मत, romanized: Ṣaṇmata) meaning "Six Sects" in Sanskrit, is a system of worship, believed in the Smarta tradition to have been founded by the Hindu philosopher Adi Shankara, whose lifetime was during circa 8th century CE. [1]
Shiva is a part of the Smarta Tradition, sometimes referred to as Smartism, another tradition of Hinduism. [276] The Smarta Hindus are associated with the Advaita Vedanta theology, and their practices include an interim step that incorporates simultaneous reverence for five deities, which includes Shiva along with Vishnu, Surya, Devi and Ganesha.
Smartism is a denomination of Hinduism that places emphasis on a group of five deities rather than just a single deity. [20] The "worship of the five forms" ( pañcāyatana pūjā ) system, which was popularized by the ninth-century philosopher Śankarācārya among orthodox Brahmins of the Smārta tradition, invokes the five deities Shiva ...
Within Smartism, one of five chief deities is selected. Even in denominations that focus on a singular concept of God, such as Vaishnavism , the ishta-deva concept exists. For example, in Vaishnavism , special focus is given to a particular form of Vishnu or one of his avataras (i.e. Krishna or Rama ).