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Johor (/ dʒ ə ˈ h ɔːr /; Malay pronunciation: [d͡ʒoho(r)], also spelled Johore or historically, Jahore) is a state of Malaysia in the south of the Malay Peninsula. It borders with Pahang, Malacca and Negeri Sembilan to the north. Johor has maritime borders with Singapore to the south and Indonesia to the east and west.
In most states within Malaysia, the office was created by the British colonial government in 1948, in tandem with the creation of the Federation of Malaya.However, Johor was the first state to create the Menteri Besar position, subject to Undang-undang Tubuh Negeri Johor (Johor State Constitution) enforced by Sultan Abu Bakar.
Negeri Sembilan's elective ruler holds the title of Yamtuan Besar, whereas the ruler of Perlis is titled Raja. The federal head of state, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (commonly referred to as "King" in English), is elected (de facto rotated) among the nine rulers to serve a 5-year term. [ 6 ]
The Johor Bahru Conurbation, also known as the Southern Conurbation (Malay: Konurbasi Selatan; Jawi: كونورباسي سلاتن) in the National Physical Plan, [1] [2] is the built-up urban or metropolitan area within and around Johor Bahru in the Malaysian state of Johor, and roughly corresponds to the Iskandar Malaysia corridor.
Johor Bahru (Malaysian: [ˈdʒohor ˈbahru]), colloquially referred to as JB, is the capital city of the Malaysian state of Johor.It is the core city of Johor Bahru District, Malaysia's second-largest district by population and the second-largest national GDP-contributor among the country's major cities.
One state, Negeri Sembilan, is an elective monarchy; the ruler is elected from male members of the royal family by hereditary chiefs. All rulers, except those of Perlis and of Negeri Sembilan, use the title of Sultan. The ruler of Perlis is styled the Raja, whereas the ruler of Negeri Sembilan is known as the Yang di-Pertuan Besar.
The Johor State Constitution (Malay: Undang-undang Tubuh Negeri Johor; Jawi: اوندڠ٢ توبوه نڬري جوهر ) is the state constitution of Johor, promulgated on 14 April 1895 by Sultan Abu Bakar. The contents of the constitution covers:
The Johor State Legislative Assembly (Malay: Dewan Negeri Johor) is the unicameral legislature of the Malaysian state of Johor. It is composed of 56 members who are elected from single-member constituencies throughout the state.