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Johor (/ dʒ ə ˈ h ɔːr /; Malay pronunciation: [d͡ʒoho(r)], also spelled Johore) is a state of Malaysia in the south of the Malay Peninsula. It borders with Pahang, Malacca and Negeri Sembilan to the north. Johor has maritime borders with Singapore to the south and Indonesia to the east and west.
In 1895, the Federated Malay States was created, bringing together Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Perak, and Selangor into a shared governmental structure. The power of this new body over the individual sultanates was kept limited, to ensure the United Kingdom remained on good terms with the Sultans, setting a precedent for later attempts at unification.
In most states within Malaysia, the office was created by the British colonial government in 1948, in tandem with the creation of the Federation of Malaya.However, Johor was the first state to create the Menteri Besar position, subject to Undang-undang Tubuh Negeri Johor (Johor State Constitution) enforced by Sultan Abu Bakar.
According to the state constitution, the Sultan of Johor shall first appoint the Menteri Besar to preside over the Executive Council and requires such Menteri Besar to be a member of the Legislative Assembly who in His Majesty's judgement is likely to command the confidence of the majority of the members of the Assembly, must be an ethnic Malay who professes the religion of Islam and must not ...
The Johor State Legislative Assembly (Malay: Dewan Negeri Johor) is the unicameral legislature of the Malaysian state of Johor. It is composed of 56 members who are elected from single-member constituencies throughout the state.
One state, Negeri Sembilan, is an elective monarchy; the ruler is elected from male members of the royal family by hereditary chiefs. All rulers, except those of Perlis and of Negeri Sembilan, use the title of Sultan. The ruler of Perlis is styled the Raja, whereas the ruler of Negeri Sembilan is known as the Yang di-Pertuan Besar.
The Johor State Constitution (Malay: Undang-undang Tubuh Negeri Johor; Jawi: اوندڠ٢ توبوه نڬري جوهر ) is the state constitution of Johor, promulgated on 14 April 1895 by Sultan Abu Bakar. The contents of the constitution covers:
The first sultan of Johor was Alauddin Riayat Shah II. He was the son of the last Sultan of Malacca, Mahmud Shah. The descendants of the Sultanate of Malacca ruled Johor until the death of Sultan Mahmud II in 1699 with the throne being taken over by Sultan Abdul Jalil Shah IV, marking the start of the House of Bendahara's rule over