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Medical ultrasound includes diagnostic techniques (mainly imaging techniques) using ultrasound, as well as therapeutic applications of ultrasound. In diagnosis, it is used to create an image of internal body structures such as tendons, muscles, joints, blood vessels, and internal organs, to measure some characteristics (e.g., distances and velocities) or to generate an informative audible sound.
Medical imaging is the technique and process of imaging the interior of a body for clinical analysis and medical intervention, as well as visual representation of the function of some organs or tissues . Medical imaging seeks to reveal internal structures hidden by the skin and bones, as well as to diagnose and treat disease.
Ultrasound inspection of welded joints has been an alternative to radiography for nondestructive testing since the 1960s. Ultrasonic inspection eliminates the use of ionizing radiation, with safety and cost benefits. Ultrasound can also provide additional information such as the depth of flaws in a welded joint.
Optical imaging, using light as an investigational tool for biological research and medical diagnosis; Optoacoustic imaging, using the photothermal effect, for the accuracy of spectroscopy with the depth resolution of ultrasound; Photoacoustic Imaging, a technique to detect vascular disease and cancer using non-ionizing laser pulses
The reflected ultrasound is received by the probe, transformed into an electric impulse as voltage, and sent to the engine for signal processing and conversion to an image on the screen. The depth reached by the ultrasound beam is dependent on the frequency of the probe used. The higher the frequency, the lesser the depth reached. [9]
Different types of analysis modes are available in high-definition SAM. The main three modes are A-scans, B-scans, and C-scans. Each one provides different information about the integrity of the sample’s structure. [6] The A-scan is the amplitude of the echo signal over ToF. The transducer is mounted on the z-axis of the SAM.
Ultrasound attenuation is frequency-dependent: higher frequencies are attenuated faster with increasing depth. Selecting ultrasound detectors that are most sensitive at the appropriate frequency can improve sensitivity at the target imaging depth, but at the cost of spatial resolution.
The transducer may be used in contact with the skin, as in fetal ultrasound imaging, or inserted into a body opening such as the rectum or vagina. Clinicians who perform ultrasound-guided procedures often use a probe positioning system to hold the ultrasonic transducer. [9] Compared to other medical imaging modalities, ultrasound has several ...