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  2. BIOS - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS

    Many PC motherboard suppliers licensed the BIOS "core" and toolkit from a commercial third party, known as an "independent BIOS vendor" or IBV. The motherboard manufacturer then customized this BIOS to suit its own hardware. For this reason, updated BIOSes are normally obtained directly from the motherboard manufacturer.

  3. Motherboard - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motherboard

    Dell Precision T3600 System Motherboard, used in professional CAD Workstations. Manufactured in 2012. A motherboard (also called mainboard, main circuit board, MB, base board, system board, or, in Apple computers, logic board) is the main printed circuit board (PCB) in general-purpose computers and other expandable systems.

  4. Option ROM - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Option_ROM

    An option ROM for the PC platform (i.e. the IBM PC and derived successor computer systems) is a piece of firmware that resides in ROM on an expansion card (or stored along with the main system BIOS), which gets executed to initialize the device and (optionally) add support for the device to the BIOS.

  5. Memory Reference Code - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_Reference_Code

    The MRC is part of reference BIOS code, which relates to memory initialization in the BIOS. It includes information about memory settings, frequency, timing, driving and detailed operations of the memory controller. The MRC is written in a C-language code, which can be edited and compiled by board makers. It provides a space to develop advanced ...

  6. Power-on self-test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power-on_self-test

    BIOS POST card for ISA bus BIOS POST card for PCI bus Professional BIOS POST card for PCI bus Two POST seven-segment displays integrated on a computer motherboard. The original IBM BIOS made POST diagnostic information available by outputting a number to I/O port 0x80 (a screen display was not possible with some failure modes). Both progress ...

  7. Extended System Configuration Data - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_System...

    The ESCD data may at one time have been stored in the latter portion of the 128 byte extended bank of battery-backed CMOS RAM but eventually it became too large and so was moved to BIOS flash. [3] [4] It contains information about ISA PnP devices is stored. It is used by the BIOS to allocate resources for devices like expansion cards.

  8. BIOS interrupt call - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS_interrupt_call

    BIOS interrupt calls perform hardware control or I/O functions requested by a program, return system information to the program, or do both. A key element of the purpose of BIOS calls is abstraction - the BIOS calls perform generally defined functions, and the specific details of how those functions are executed on the particular hardware of the system are encapsulated in the BIOS and hidden ...

  9. Nonvolatile BIOS memory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonvolatile_BIOS_memory

    Nonvolatile BIOS memory refers to a small memory on PC motherboards that is used to store BIOS settings. It is traditionally called CMOS RAM because it uses a volatile , low-power complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) SRAM (such as the Motorola MC146818 [ 1 ] or similar) powered by a small battery when system and standby power is ...