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Schematic diagram of pupillary light reflex neural pathway. Left direct light reflex involves neural segments 1, 5, and 7. Segment 1 is the afferent limb, which includes the retina and optic nerve. Segments 5 and 7 form the efferent limb. Left consensual light reflex involves neural segments 2, 4, and 7. Segment 2 is the afferent limb.
Pupillary reflexes, particularly the pupillary light reflex, are a powerful diagnostic tool often employed in clinical and emergency medical practice. A lack of equal consensual pupillary constriction to a light stimulus, especially a Marcus Gunn pupil, can be indicative of optic nerve damage, brainstem death, or optic tract damage in between.
Lesions in that pathway cause a variety of visual field defects. In the visual system of human eye , the visual information processed by retinal photoreceptor cells travel in the following way: Retina → Optic nerve → Optic chiasma (here the nasal visual field of both eyes cross over to the opposite side)→ Optic tract → Lateral ...
Light from a single point of a distant object and light from a single point of a near object being brought to a focus. The accommodation reflex (or accommodation-convergence reflex) is a reflex action of the eye, in response to focusing on a near object, then looking at a distant object (and vice versa), comprising coordinated changes in vergence, lens shape (accommodation) and pupil size.
The lateral geniculate body; The optic radiation; The visual cortex; The visual association cortex. These are components of the visual pathway, also called the optic pathway, [23] that can be divided into anterior and posterior visual pathways. The anterior visual pathway refers to structures involved in vision before the lateral geniculate ...
The pupillary reflex results in the pupil constricting (left) and dilating (right) These include the pupillary light reflex and accommodation reflex . Although the pupillary response , in which the pupil dilates or constricts due to light is not usually called a "reflex", it is still usually considered a part of this topic.
In people with diabetes and older than 50 years of age, an oculomotor nerve palsy, in the classical sense, occurs with sparing (or preservation) of the pupillary reflex. This is thought to arise due to the anatomical arrangement of the nerve fibers in the oculomotor nerve; fibers controlling the pupillary function are superficial and spared ...
Pupillary response is a physiological response that varies the size of the pupil, via the optic and oculomotor cranial nerve. A constriction response ( miosis ), [ 1 ] is the narrowing of the pupil, which may be caused by scleral buckles or drugs such as opiates / opioids or anti-hypertension medications.