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The Twenty-seventh Amendment (Amendment XXVII, also known as the Congressional Compensation Act of 1789) [1] to the United States Constitution states that any law that increases or decreases the salary of members of Congress may take effect only after the next election of the House of Representatives has occurred.
An amendment establishing a formula for determining the appropriate size of the House of Representatives and the appropriate apportionment of representatives among the states was one of several proposed amendments to the Constitution introduced first in the House on June 8, 1789, by Representative James Madison of Virginia:
James Madison (March 16, 1751 [b] – June 28, 1836) was a Founding Father and the 4th president of the United States from 1809 to 1817. He is hailed as the "Father of the Constitution" for his pivotal role in drafting and promoting the Constitution of the United States and the Bill of Rights.
This amendment, sometimes called the "Madison Amendment", would prevent a "runaway convention" from drastically altering or replacing the U.S. Constitution. [62] Various proposals were made by Republican members of Congress to base congressional apportionments on the number of citizens in a state rather than residents following the Evenwel v.
Thirty-three amendments to the Constitution of the United States have been proposed by the United States Congress and sent to the states for ratification since the Constitution was put into operation on March 4, 1789. Twenty-seven of those, having been ratified by the requisite number of states, are part of the Constitution.
The Third Amendment was introduced in Congress in 1789 by James Madison as a part of the United States Bill of Rights, in response to Anti-Federalist objections to the new Constitution. Congress proposed the amendment to the states on September 28, 1789, and by December 15, 1791, the necessary three-quarters of the states had ratified it.
The First through Eighth Amendments address the means by which the federal government exercises its enumerated powers, while the Ninth Amendment addresses a "great residuum" of rights that have not been "thrown into the hands of the government", as Madison put it. [12] The Ninth Amendment became part of the Constitution on December 15, 1791 ...
Congress reduced Madison's proposed twenty amendments to twelve, with modifications to Madison's language about searches and seizures. [20] [21] The final language was submitted to the states for ratification on September 25, 1789. [22] By the time the Bill of Rights was submitted to the states for ratification, opinions had shifted in both ...