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The term Hokkien was first used by Walter Henry Medhurst in his 1832 Dictionary of the Hok-këèn Dialect of the Chinese Language, According to the Reading and Colloquial Idioms, considered to be the earliest English-based Hokkien dictionary and the first major reference work in POJ, though its romanization system differs significantly from ...
Google Translate is a multilingual neural machine translation service developed by Google to translate text, documents and websites from one language into another. It offers a website interface , a mobile app for Android and iOS , as well as an API that helps developers build browser extensions and software applications . [ 3 ]
The Quanzhou dialects are classified as Hokkien, a group of Southern Min varieties. [6] In Fujian, the Quanzhou dialects form the northern subgroup (北片) of Southern Min. [7] The dialect of urban Quanzhou is one of the oldest dialects of Southern Min, and along with the urban Zhangzhou dialect, it forms the basis for all modern varieties. [8]
While Hakka has official status in Taiwan, it has seen ongoing decline due to a language shift to the more dominant Taiwanese Mandarin and Taiwanese Hokkien. [12] The number of Hakka speakers in Taiwan has declined by 1.1% per year, particularly among youth. [10] In 2016, only 22.8% of self-identifying Hakkas aged 19 to 29 spoke the language. [13]
Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.
The Malay language has many loanwords from Sanskrit, Persian, Tamil, Greek, Latin, Portuguese, Dutch, and Chinese languages such as Hokkien.More recently, loans have come from Arabic, English and Malay's sister languages, Javanese and Sundanese.
Taiwanese Hokkien is a variety of Hokkien, a Southern Min language. Like many varieties of Min Chinese, it has distinct literary and colloquial layers of vocabulary, often associated with formal and informal registers respectively. The literary layer can be traced to the late Tang dynasty, and as such is related to Middle Chinese.
The official romanization system for Taiwanese Hokkien (usually called "Taiwanese") in Taiwan is known as Tâi-uân Tâi-gí Lô-má-jī Phing-im Hong-àn, [I] [1] often shortened to Tâi-lô. It is derived from Pe̍h-ōe-jī and since 2006 has been one of the phonetic notation systems officially promoted by Taiwan's Ministry of Education. [2]