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Since the area is proportional to the square of the pupil diameter, [6] the amount of light admitted by the f /2 lens is four times that of the f /4 lens. To obtain the same photographic exposure, the exposure time must be reduced by a factor of four. A 200 mm focal length f /4 lens has an entrance pupil diameter of 50 mm.
The four senses of Scripture is a four-level method of interpreting the Bible. In Christianity , the four senses are literal , allegorical , tropological and anagogical . In Kabbalah the four meanings of the biblical texts are literal, allusive , allegorical, and mystical .
Four Thirds logo. The Four Thirds System is a standard created by Olympus and Eastman Kodak for digital single-lens reflex camera (DSLR) design and development. [1] Four Thirds refers to both the size of the image sensor (4/3") as well as the aspect ratio (4:3).
Cartes de visite camera with four lenses. Engraving from D. V. Monckhoven. Traité Général Photographie Comprenant tous les Procédés Connus jusqu'à ce Jour; La Théorie de la Photographie Application aux Sciences d’Observation. 1863 1859 carte de visite of Napoleon III by Disdéri, which popularized the carte-de-visite format One of the first cartes de visite of Queen Victoria taken by ...
The Micro Four Thirds system (MFT or M4/3 or M43) (マイクロフォーサーズシステム, Maikuro Fō Sāzu Shisutemu) is a standard released by Olympus Imaging Corporation and Panasonic in 2008, [1] for the design and development of mirrorless interchangeable lens digital cameras, camcorders and lenses. [2]
Zeiss Protar (Rudolph, 1890). The first Anastigmat was designed by Paul Rudolph for the German firm Carl Zeiss AG in 1890 and marketed as the Protar; [1]: 65–66(§103) it consisted of four elements in two groups, as an asymmetric arrangement of two cemented achromatic lens doublets and was improved to a five-element, two-group design in 1891, substituting a cemented triplet for the rear group.
Since its introduction, millions of Tessar and Tessar-derived lenses have been manufactured by Zeiss and other manufacturers, and are still produced as excellent intermediate aperture lenses. The Tessar design uses four spherical lens elements in three groups, one positive crown glass element at the front, one negative flint glass element at ...
These lenses are often color coded for easier use. The least powerful lens is called the scanning objective lens, and is typically a 4× objective. The second lens is referred to as the small objective lens and is typically a 10× lens. The most powerful lens out of the three is referred to as the large objective lens and is typically 40–100×.