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Dysplasia is the earliest form of precancerous lesion recognizable in a biopsy. Dysplasia can be low-grade or high-grade. High-grade dysplasia may also be referred to as carcinoma in situ. Invasive carcinoma, usually simply called cancer, has the potential to invade and spread to surrounding tissues and structures, and may eventually be lethal.
Carcinoma in situ, meaning "cancer in place", represents the transformation of a neoplastic lesion to one in which cells undergo essentially no maturation, thus may be considered cancer-like. In this state, epithelial cells have lost their tissue identity and have reverted to a primitive cell form that grows rapidly and with abnormal regulation ...
Sometimes, the term "precancer" is also used for carcinoma in situ, which is a noninvasive cancer that has not grown and spread to nearby tissue, unlike the invasive stage. As with other precancerous conditions, not all carcinoma in situ will become an invasive disease but is at risk of doing so.
The term dysplasia is typically used when the cellular abnormality is restricted to the originating tissue, as in the case of an early, in-situ neoplasm. [ citation needed ] Dysplasia, in which cell maturation and differentiation are delayed, can be contrasted with metaplasia , in which cells of one mature, differentiated type are replaced by ...
Moderate dysplasia confined to the basal 2/3 of the epithelium; Represents a mix of low- and high-grade lesions not easily differentiated by histology; CIN 2+ encompasses CIN 2, CIN 3, adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), and cancer; CIN 3 (Grade III) Severe dysplasia with undifferentiated neoplastic cells that span more than 2/3 of the epithelium
Because it is thought to be a premalignant state, PIN is often considered the prostate equivalent of what is called carcinoma in situ (localized cancer) in other organs. However, PIN differs from carcinoma in situ in that it may remain unchanged or even spontaneously regress. [citation needed]
Mild dysplasia Moderate dysplasia Severe dysplasia / carcinoma in situ HPV-negative lesion with atypical keratinocytes in the basal cell layer WHO 2003 [3] Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) 1: VIN 2: VIN 3: VIN 3 WHO 2014 and ISSVD 2015 [3] Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL)
The most severe cases of dysplasia are referred to as carcinoma in situ. In Latin, the term in situ means "in place"; carcinoma in situ refers to an uncontrolled growth of dysplastic cells that remains in its original location and has not shown invasion into other tissues. Carcinoma in situ may develop into an invasive malignancy and is usually ...