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The 19th century saw liberal governments established in nations across Europe, South America and North America. [2] In this period, the dominant ideological opponent of classical liberalism was conservatism , but liberalism later survived major ideological challenges from new opponents, such as fascism and communism .
Liberalism and social democracy. London: Liberal Publication Department. Meadowcroft, Michael (1997). Focus on freedom: the case for the Liberal Party (1 ed.). Southport: Liberal Party. Meadowcroft, Michael (2001). Focus on freedom: the case for the Liberal Party (PDF) (2 ed.). Southport: Liberal Party. ISBN 189841509-9. Meadowcroft, Michael ...
By the end of the 19th century, liberal democracy was no longer only a liberal idea, but an idea supported by many different ideologies. After World War I and especially after World War II, liberal democracy achieved a dominant position among theories of government and is now endorsed by the vast majority of the political spectrum. [citation ...
While the British liberal tradition has emphasized expanding democracy, French liberalism has emphasized rejecting authoritarianism and is linked to nation-building. [ 8 ] Leaders in the British Glorious Revolution of 1688, [ 9 ] the American Revolution of 1776, and the French Revolution of 1789 used liberal philosophy to justify the armed ...
The Ottoman Empire had liberal free trade policies by the 18th century, with origins in capitulations of the Ottoman Empire, dating back to the first commercial treaties signed with France in 1536 and taken further with capitulations in 1673, in 1740 which lowered duties to only 3% for imports and exports and in 1790.
Schlesinger phases of American history [1] [2] [5] From To Duration (in years) Type Name 1776 1788 12 Lib Liberal Movement to Create Constitution (Revolution, Confederation Period) 1788 1800 12 Con Hamiltonian Federalism (Federalist Era) 1800 1812 12 Lib Liberal Period of Jeffersonianism (Jeffersonian democracy) 1812 1829 17 Con
Political machines appeared early in the history of the United States, and for all the exhortations of Jacksonian Democracy, it was they and not the average voter that nominated candidates. In addition, the system supported establishment politicians and party loyalists, and much of the legislation was designed to reward men and businesses who ...
The 1965–1974 period was a major liberal activist era in congress, with the Democratic-led congress during the presidency of Richard Nixon continuing to produce liberal domestic policies. They organized themselves internally to round up votes, track legislation, mobilize interests, and produce bills without direct assistance from the White ...